Young Men Taking HIV Meds May Be at Risk for Bone Loss

FRIDAY, June 22 (HealthDay News) — Young men receiving drug
treatment for HIV infection are at increased risk for low bone mass, a new
study suggests.

The findings indicate that these patients should exercise, take vitamin
D and be closely monitored in order to reduce their future risk of bone
fractures, according to the study, released online in advance of print
publication in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases.

The study included about 250 male participants, aged 14 to 25, who
underwent whole-body scans to measure their bone density. Some of the men
were infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

The participants with HIV had been diagnosed with the infection an
average of two years earlier. The HIV-infected males had an average 5
percent to 8 percent lower bone density in the hip and 2 percent to 4
percent lower bone density in the spine than those without HIV.

Although the study uncovered an association between treatment for HIV
infection and lower bone density in the study participants, it did not
prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

The study, funded by the U.S. National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development (NICHD), did not look at the causes of bone loss and
cannot rule out the possibility that low bone mass was present before HIV
infection.

The investigators noted that all the participants had several risk
factors for bone loss, including tobacco and alcohol use and low intake of
calcium and vitamin D, which is needed to absorb calcium.

“The young [HIV-positive] men in the study had been taking anti-HIV
medications for a comparatively short time, yet they still had lower
bone-mineral density than other men their age,” study co-author Dr. Bill
Kapogiannis, of the pediatric, adolescent and maternal AIDS branch of the
NICHD, said in an institute news release.

“These findings suggest a short-term impact of HIV therapy on bone at
ages when people are still growing and building bone mass,” Kapogiannis
added. “This raises concerns about the risk of fracture as they age.”

Previous research in adults has indicated that there may be an
association between the use of certain anti-HIV medications and an
increased risk for bone fractures and bone loss, the study authors noted
in the news release.

Doctors who care for young men with HIV should monitor these patients
regularly for signs of bone thinning, which could predict a risk for
fractures, the researchers said. Young men newly diagnosed with HIV also
should exercise, quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption and get the
proper amount of calcium and vitamin D.

More information

The New Mexico AIDS Education and Training Center outlines the side effects of anti-HIV drugs.

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