Yitzhak Shamir obituary

“Our aim was to establish a Jewish state where there was no state, not to
destroy an existing state. The main aim of the Palestinians is to destroy
the state of Israel,” he said.

“The driving force for the Arabs is hatred of Israel. Hatred of the
Jewish people. Look, we defend ourselves now. But we don’t hate the Arabs.”

Born in Poland on October 15, 1915, Shamir emigrated to British-ruled
Palestine in 1935 after his family perished in the Nazi Holocaust, and the
diminutive but pugnacious immigrant soon joined Begin’s Irgun Zionist
militia.

After a dispute with the movement’s leaders, Shamir joined the even more
radical Lehi, which carried out dozens of deadly attacks against British
forces and Arab communities in the 1940s, earning it the nickname the Stern
Gang.

He was a top commander in the group between 1943 and 1946 and was behind
several high-profile attacks, including the killing of a British minister in
Cairo in 1944.

He once described himself as a great admirer of Irish Republican Army founder
Michael Collins, and even took his name during the violent struggle against
the British during its Palestine mandate.

“I studied his life and was inspired by it. Like him, I wanted to chase
the British from my country and create an independent state,” he once
said. At the time Shamir also went by the pseudonyms “Stalin” and “The
Old Man.”

His zeal had some limits – in memoirs published in 1994 Shamir admitted
ordering the 1942 killing of a fellow fighter who he decided was too much of
a fanatic after the man advocated bombing a Jewish anti-British
demonstration in order to rally local support against the mandate
authorities.

After the creation of Israel, Shamir continued his clandestine activities in
the Mossad, Israel’s intelligence service, notably serving at the agency’s
European headquarters in Paris.

Shamir gave up spying in 1965 and entered politics five years later to become
speaker of the Knesset after his right-wing Likud party won general
elections in 1977.

He was one of the few deputies to abstain during the 1978 vote to ratify
Israel’s historic peace agreement with Egypt.

In 1999 he left Likud, accusing Benjamin Netanyahu, the current premier, of
betraying his party’s ideology by agreeing to limited Palestinian
sovereignty over parts of the occupied West Bank.

But by then he had mostly withdrawn from public life, and during the last
decade of his life he had been silenced by Alzheimer’s disease.

Shulamit Shamir, his wife, died in July 2011 at the age of 88. They are
survived by two children.

He lived in a retirement home north of Tel Aviv until his death.

The funeral is to take place on Monday in Jerusalem, where he is to be buried
alongside his wife.

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