Vitamin D Plus Calcium May Extend Life

FRIDAY, June 15 (HealthDay News) — Seniors who take calcium
supplements along with vitamin D may lengthen their lives, a new analysis
suggests.

However, only the combination of the two appears to be effective;
vitamin D by itself had no benefit, the researchers noted.

“Our study provides evidence of a cause-effect relationship — that
calcium and vitamin D causes beneficial effects to general health,” said
study author Dr. Lars Rejnmark, an assistant professor at Aarhus
University Hospital in Denmark. “Calcium with vitamin D has now been
proven to reduce risk of osteoporotic fractures and death in the
elderly.”

The report will be published in the August issue of the Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
.

For the study, Rejnmark’s team collected data on more than 70,000
people who were around 70 years old and had taken part in one of eight
trials that pitted vitamin D or vitamin D plus calcium against an inactive
placebo by randomly assigning participants to one of the treatments.

The investigators found that, over three years, vitamin D alone did not
reduce the risk of death (mortality), but when taken with calcium
mortality was reduced 9 percent.

It is known that the combination of vitamin D and calcium can reduce
bone fractures in older people.

However, Rejnmark’s group noted that the reduction in mortality seen in
this analysis was not due to fewer fractures, but an effect of these
supplements that went beyond bone health.

Recently there has been data tying calcium supplements to an increased
risk of heart attack.

A study in the May edition of Heart found that calcium
supplementation increased the risk of heart attack by 86 percent. But the
risk was not increased with calcium from foods.

On Tuesday, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force proposed that
postmenopausal women not take low-dose calcium and vitamin D supplements
daily to ward off bone fractures, because the effect is negligible.

Dr. Michael Holick, a professor of medicine, physiology and biophysics
at Boston University School of Medicine, said that “other studies have
shown that if you have adequate vitamin D, [it] can reduce the risk of
mortality by about 7 percent.”

Although the exact mechanism of why these supplements prolong life
isn’t known, Holick believes that both improve cell function and
cardiovascular health, he said.

Holick also believes the task force misunderstood the data on the
benefit of vitamin D and calcium. He said the amount of these supplements
taken in the studies they looked at were too low to have any beneficial
effect.

Knowing what to do about supplements can be confusing, Holick said. He
recommends adults take 1,500 to 2,000 international units of vitamin D
daily with 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams of calcium from both diet and
supplements in combination.

“By doing so, you will preserve your bone health, you will improve
muscle strength and you may have additional health benefits including
[lowering the] risk of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, type 2
diabetes and infectious diseases,” Holick said. “There is no downside to
increasing your vitamin D intake.”

More information

For more information on calcium and vitamin D, visit the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

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