TUESDAY, April 3 (HealthDay News) — Eating broccoli, one of the
top “super foods,” and other cruciferous vegetables may improve your odds
for breast cancer survival, a new study suggests.
In a study of women in China diagnosed with breast cancer, researchers
found that women who consumed the most cruciferous vegetables were 62
percent less likely to die of breast cancer and 35 percent less likely to
have a recurrence of the disease, compared with those who consumed the
least.
The most common cruciferous vegetables that the women reported eating
were mustard and turnip greens, bok choy, cauliflower and green cabbage.
Kale, collard greens and arugula are other cruciferous vegetables.
“This study suggests that cruciferous vegetables and the bioactive
compounds in them may be protective against breast cancer,” said Sarah
Nechuta, a research fellow in the Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center in
Nashville, Tenn., and lead author of the study.
However, it is not clear if this association would be seen for women in
the United States, who tend to eat a different assortment of the
vegetables — more broccoli, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts than bok
choy, Nechuta added.
Previous studies of women in China, the United States and Sweden hinted
that higher cruciferous vegetable intake could be linked with reduced risk
of developing breast cancer, but the current research is among the first
to examine women after a breast cancer diagnosis.
The findings are slated for presentation Tuesday at the American
Association for Cancer Research meeting in Chicago.
The study involved almost 5,000 women between 20 and 75 years old who
were part of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study. Researchers
interviewed the women within six months of their diagnosis to gather
information about diet, lifestyle and such clinical factors as tumor
stage. They also asked about their intake of cruciferous vegetables at 18
and 36 months after their diagnosis.
Women whose consumption of cruciferous vegetables was in the top 25
percent were 62 percent less likely to die of breast cancer during the
roughly five-year study period than women in the bottom 25 percent, the
study found.
Recurrence was 35 percent less likely among women in the top bracket of
consumption compared to those in the bottom 25 percent.
The researchers also found that women in the top quarter for
consumption were 62 percent less likely to die of any cause than those in
the bottom 25 percent.
The Vanderbilt group previously found a link between cruciferous
vegetable consumption and fewer deaths and less heart disease among
healthy Chinese adults, suggesting that this food group might bestow
overall survival benefits, Nechuta said.
On average, the women in the new study ate about 3 1/2 ounces a day of
cruciferous vegetables, which come from plants with four flower petals
that form the shape of a crucifer cross.
The associations with reduced death and cancer recurrence remained even
after adjusting for other differences, including consumption of soy and
meat, vitamin intake, physical activity, stage of cancer, income and
education level.
Even so, Dr. Laura Kruper, director of the Women’s Health Center at
City of Hope in Duarte, Calif., said, “It’s so hard to show a link between
cause and effect in these types of studies.” She added that, while the
study has merits, more studies have to be done in other populations and
for longer periods of time to establish a cause-and-effect
relationship.
Nechuta noted that women in the United States may not see the same
benefits because different cruciferous vegetables, with different
bioactive compounds, are more popular and because American women eat far
less of this type of produce — about 1 ounce a day on average.
Also, variations in genes have been found in the Chinese population
that could slow the metabolism of this type of vegetable, keeping the
beneficial compounds in the body longer, Nechuta added.
Nevertheless, there is probably no harm in advising women in the United
States to up their intake of these vegetables, Kruper said. The American
Cancer Society recommends eating at least 2 1/2 cups of all kinds of
fruits and vegetables a day.
“I tell my patients to limit alcohol to four drinks a week and limit
sugar, and also eat more greens and flaxseed and less red meat,” Kruper
said. However, alcohol and physical inactivity are the only two factors
that are known “for sure” to increase breast cancer risk, she added.
“When we think of vegetables, we think of lettuce or green beans, and
there are a lot of benefits to those, but I would probably also recommend
cruciferous vegetables,” Kruper said.
Data and conclusions presented at medical meetings should be considered
preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.
More information
To learn more about breast cancer and risk factors, visit Susan G. Komen for the
Cure.
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