“chloroquine is an effective pre & post-infection antiviral agent for SARS-CoV. A dose-dependant decrease in virus antigen-positive cells was observed starting at 0.1 μM chloroquine & 10 μM (Micrometre, also called micron, metric unit of measure for length equal to 0.001 mm, or about 0.000039 inch) completely abolished SARS-CoV infection. … Chloroquine, a relatively safe, effective and cheap drug used for treating many human diseases including malaria, amoebiosis and human immunodeficiency virus” Virology Journal 2005 study “Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread“. Acknowledgements “This work was supported by a Canadian PENCE grant (T3), CIHR (Canadian Institutes of Health Research, is Canada’s federal funding agency for health research) group grant #MGC 64518, and CIHR grant #MGP-44363 (to NGS)” Virology Journal, Published 2005 Aug 22
Strong motive for the “targeted murders” of Barry and Honey Sherman. The Shermans owned Apotex which manufactured Hydroxychloroquine – a cheap, effective and a less toxic metabolite of chloroquine. “In conclusion, our results show that HCQ can efficiently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. In combination with its anti-inflammatory function, we predict that the drug has a good potential to combat the disease. ” research paper Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, published March 18, 2020 – day Justin Trudeau announced the closure of Canada’s borders to most travelers during news conference outside Rideau Cottage about the measures Canada is taking to combatCOVID-19
Barry Sherman’s Apotex drug Hydroxychloroquine clearly threatened to prematurely end Germany’s COVID-19 biological warfare attack and defund the bankrupt / insolvent UN / WHO & Bill Gates’ lucrative multi $billion global vaccine agenda.
Supreme Court of Canada document pertaining to unsealing Toronto Police files on the double homicide investigation of Barry and Honey Sherman implicated both the UN and the WHO in the targeted murders of Barry and Honey Sherman. The official / legal name for the UN is the United Nations Organization. The official name for the WHO is the World Health Organization. The murders were “a very, very sophisticated crime, in my view, committed by a very sophisticated organization – at least it has those hallmarks.” Supreme Court of Canada Justice Michael Moldaver, October 6, 2020 – multiple news sources: The Chronicle Herald and the Globe and Mail
“There is sufficient pre-clinical rationale and evidence regarding the effectiveness of chloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 as well as evidence of safety from long-time use in clinical practice for other indications.” Europe PMC paper ” A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19“.
Europe PMC is a service of the Europe PMC Funders’ Group, in partnership with the European Bioinformatics Institute ; and in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NCBI/NLM) .
Can Zn Be a Critical Element in COVID-19 Treatment?
Chloroquine was shown to inhibit in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cells in an effective concentration EC90 of 6.90 μM that can be easily achieved with standard dosing, due to its favourable penetration into tissues, including in the lung. This is substantially lower than the concentration detected in human plasma when the drug is prescribed to treat malaria at a dose of 25 mg/kg over 3 days. However, for COVID-19 patients, a lower dose such as 3.6 mg/kg that are often prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis has been suggested for long-term patients as the dose is similar to IC50 for SARS-CoV. It is to be noted that hydroxychloroquine (made by Justin Trudeau’s August 26, 2015 election campaign fundraisers Barry and Honey Sherman who were targeted and murdered December 13, 2017 – 7 days before Justin Trudeau was convicted of violating federal ethics laws) showed greater efficacy than chloroquine, at least based on in vitro studies. Besides, hydroxychloroquine was shown to have minimal risk of toxicity such as retinopathy. Other recent studies also showed that hydroxychloroquine is a less toxic metabolite of chloroquine, as it is more soluble, and causes less side effects and therefore is safer. … both hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine can interfere with ACE2 receptor glycosylation and prevents SARS-CoV-2 binding to pneumocytes. Chloroquine could also possibly inhibit sialic acid biosynthesis thus limiting cell surface binding of SARS-CoV-2.
Biological Trace Element Research (2021) 199:550–558https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12011-020-02194-9.pdf
Using recombinant SARS-CoV nsp12, te Velthuis et al. showed that Zn2+ directly inhibited the in vitro RdRp activity.
Zn2+ was shown to inhibit polyprotein processing in cells infected with human rhinovirus and coxsackievirus B3. In addition to SARS-CoV, a number of other viruses, including HIV, HSV, and vaccinia virus, are known to be inhibited by Zn salts.
Zn (zinc) is known to inhibit the viral entry, blocking of polyprotein processing, or inhibition of viral RdRp activity. Using Huh7 cells transfected with in vitro synthesized capped genomic RNA of a g-1 HEV, Kaushik et al. showed that Zn but not Mg salts, namely Zn-sulfate and Zn-acetate, can inhibit viral sense and antisense RNA levels by approximately 50% at a working concentration of 10 μM. Thus, Zn salts were shown to directly inhibit the activity of viral RdRp thus inhibiting viral replication.
Zn supplement might initiate interferon (a common anti-viral agent) production by T lymphocytes. However, Zn deprivation in the lysosome of the lymphocytes triggers to secretesperforin, which also exert anti-viral activity. A pool of Zn importing inside the T lymphocytes activates T cell receptors as well as CD25 and CD69 to aid T cell proliferation and stabilization. Added Zn also contributes to the production of thymulin from the thymus and triggers T lymphocyte production. In alveolar macrophages, Zn can help to degrade the phagocytosed viral particle by the enzymes of the phagolysosome.
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