But the Taliban has received far greater quantities of aid and support from
Pakistan.
Iran has also refrained from supplying more advanced weapons, notably the
armour-piercing explosive charges that were widely used against American and
British forces in Iraq.
Afghanistan’s decision to defy Iran and sign a strategic pact with America,
paving the way for some US troops to stay in the country beyond 2014, may
have led Tehran to give more help to the insurgents.
Jamie Ingram, Middle East analyst at IHS Jane’s, a defence consultancy, said
he did not expect Iran to give the Taliban “game-changing” weapons
like surface-to-air missiles because of the risk of confrontation with
America. Accepting Iranian support could also damage the Taliban’s standing,
he added. “It is worth noting that reports of links to Iran could hurt
the Taliban as a lot of their financing comes from people in the Gulf who
don’t like Iran or Shia Muslims,” said Mr Ingram.
“The Pakistani military may not like the Iranians trying to get a toehold
of influence in the Taliban either, although the extent to which they view
the Iranians as a threat is questionable.”
Iran tried its utmost to dissuade Afghanistan from signing the pact with
America. Abu Fazel Zohrawand, the hawkish Iranian ambassador to Kabul, told
members of Afghanistan’s parliament that hundreds of thousands of Afghan
refugees would be expelled from his country if the agreement was ratified.
But his threats backfired when they were reported in the local media: the
deal was passed in defiance of perceived Iranian meddling. Tehran briefly
recalled Mr Zohrawand from Kabul in protest.
An Afghan official said that some factions in Iran’s regime wanted a less
confrontational policy. “Tehran is divided on its policy about
Afghanistan,” he said. He added that diplomats in Kabul expected Mr
Zohrawand to be replaced, perhaps by a more “seasoned and reasonable”
diplomat like Gholamreza Ansari, a former Iranian ambassador to London.
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