According to the study published in Nature, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) drilled through 1km of sediment through 4km of water off Wilkes Land on Antarctica’s eastern coast.
The drill provided scientists with pollen grains from palm trees, relatives of the modern baobab and macadamia, and remains of tiny single-celled organisms called Archaea.
The findings show that the Antarctic temperature did not drop below 10C; and summer daytime temperatures were in the 20Cs.
Results can also help scientists analyze the effects of increasing CO2 today.
“There are two ways of looking at where we’re going in the future,” study co-author James Bendle of the University of Glasgow told the state-funded BBC.
“One is using physics-based climate models; but increasingly we’re using this ‘back to the future’ approach where we look through periods in the geological past that are similar to where we may be going in 10 years, or 20, or several hundred.”
During the early Eocene – often referred to as the Eocene greenhouse – atmospheric CO2 concentrations were higher than the current 390 parts per million (ppm) – reaching at least 600ppm.
According to Dr. Bendle, similar CO2 levels will not be reached any time soon, and may not be reached at all if CO2 emissions are cut.
“It’s a clearer picture we get of warm analogues through geological time,” he said.
“The more we get that information, the more it seems that the models we’re using now are not overestimating the [climatic] change over the next few centuries, and they may be underestimating it. That’s the essential message.”
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