Study: No Significant Rise in Seizure Risk From Common Kids’ Vaccine

TUESDAY, Feb. 21 (HealthDay News) — Children who receive a
combination vaccine known as DTaP-IPV-Hib have no significant increased
risk of febrile seizure, a convulsion triggered by a fever, during the
week after vaccination, researchers in Denmark report.

The vaccine protects children from five life-threatening illnesses:
diptheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio and Haemophilus
influenzae
type b, a bacterium that causes meningitis.

The study also found no association between febrile seizures and
developing epilepsy, a seizure disorder.

“These data indicate there is no significant risk associated with the
combined DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine,” said Dr. Gary Freed, director of the child
health evaluation and research unit at University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
who was not involved with the study. “There is no increased risk of
epilepsy, and the risk of febrile seizures in the seven days following
immunization showed no differences between those who were vaccinated and
those who weren’t.”

The study is in the Feb. 22 issue of the Journal of the American
Medical Association
.

According to the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and
Stroke, about one in 25 children, mainly between 6 months and 5 years old,
will have at least one febrile seizure. They typically outgrow them.

Although scary for parents, febrile seizures are harmless, said Dr.
David Kimberlin, a professor of pediatrics at University of Alabama at
Birmingham. “They’re not dangerous at all,” Kimberlin said.

The full name for DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine is “diphtheria-tetanus
toxoids-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae
type b.”

In the study, researchers from Aarhus University analyzed records on
nearly 400,000 children given the combined vaccine.

In Denmark, children get the combination vaccine at 3, 5 and 12 months.
The U.S. vaccine schedule calls for kids’ initial doses at 2, 4 and 6
months and a slightly different version of the pertussis vaccine,
Kimberlin noted.

Slightly more than 2 percent of children (7,811) were diagnosed with
febrile seizures before 18 months.

Researchers found a slightly increased risk of febrile seizures on the
day of the first and second vaccine doses, but not on the day of the third
vaccine dose.

And overall, children didn’t have higher risks of febrile seizures the
first week after the vaccinations compared with a group of children not
vaccinated in the last week. The absolute risk of any one child having a
febrile seizure remained very low — about one for every 25,000 children
vaccinated.

Experts say it’s crucial for parents to get their children vaccinated
on schedule to protect the kids — and others around them — from
potentially devastating illnesses.

“The most important thing is parents continuing to get their kids
immunized on schedule. The longer parents wait, the more their children
are at risk of life-threatening diseases,” Freed said.

Kimberlin suspects that the kids who had febrile seizures around the
time of vaccination were probably already getting sick, the vaccine pushed
their temperature up a little higher, “and they had the seizure a little
bit sooner than they would have otherwise,” he said.

Parental surveys and other research have documented a sizable
contingent of parents who mistrust vaccines and who are either not getting
their kids vaccinated, or who aren’t getting their kids immunized on the
recommended schedule.

Some of the fears stemmed from a long-since discredited report linking
the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine to autism. That study was formally
retracted by the journal that published it, and nearly all of the authors
have repudiated it.

In 2010, California experienced the worse outbreak of pertussis in 60
years. At least 10 infants died during the outbreak, according to the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Dr. Roya Samuels, a pediatrician at Cohen Children’s Medical Center in
New Hyde Park, N.Y., said numerous nationwide outbreaks of pertussis raise
concerns about waning immunity in older children, teenagers and adults.
“It is imperative that infants be fully vaccinated against this
potentially life-threatening illness,” she said.

Kimberlin added that other diseases are out there as well. Diptheria, a
serious respiratory disease, still circulates in Russia, for example.
“It’s 12 hours away from us right now,” Kimberlin said.

Polio, which can leave children paralyzed, is close to being eradicated
worldwide, because of vaccines.

“At the turn of the 20th century, 16 of every 100 kids died of an
infectious disease before age 5,” Kimberlin added. “It was the norm to
bury a child. It’s not anymore and the reason is because of vaccines.
Parents, please don’t turn your back on this lifeline.”

More information

Check out the recommended vaccine schedule for kids and adults at the
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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