Social Factors May Affect Lifespan More Than Race, Location

TUESDAY, April 17 (HealthDay News) — A group of socioeconomic
factors such as education, income and work are better indicators of your
chances of living to age 70 than race or geography, a new study shows.

The findings challenge the long-held belief that race or the region of
the country where you reside are the best markers of how long you may
live, according to researchers from Stanford University School of Medicine
in Stanford, Calif.

Previous research has found large differences in life expectancy in
various regions of the United States. For example, people tend to die
younger in large urban areas and in the South. A study published last year
found that men in five counties in Mississippi lived an average of 66.5
years, several years less than the national average of 75.4 years for
men.

Racial disparities also are a well-established factor in life
expectancy. For example, a recent study found that white men live an
average of about seven years longer than black men, and white women live
about five years longer than black women, according to a Stanford
University news release.

In the new study, the researchers examined data on the probability of
survival to age 70 for people in counties across the United States. The
data was initially categorized according to sex and race, but the
researchers then considered how other factors affect life expectancy.

The analysis showed that when factors related to local social
conditions — such as education, income, and job and marital status — are
included, health differences based on race and region virtually
disappear.

“While there is an enormous survival difference between some counties,
it is the social and environmental characteristics of a given county and
its population that matter the most,” study first author Dr. Mark Cullen,
a professor of medicine and chief of the division of general medical
disciplines at Stanford, said in the news release.

“Once certain factors — such as the fraction of adults in the county
who finish high school, the fraction with managerial or professional jobs
and the fraction of adults who live in two-parent households — are
accounted for, even geography, such as being in the South, is moot,” he
noted.

The study appears online April 17 in the journal PLoS One.

More information

The U.S. National Institute on Aging offers tips for healthy aging.

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