Rio+20: Biggest ever UN summit ends with faint glimmer of hope

The final document, called The Future We Want, calls on the world to shift to
a ‘green economy’ and to phase out fossil fuels but there is no timetable
for action.

The principle of Sustainable Development Goals or SDGs has been agreed but
there is no detail, despite countries including the UK calling for clear
targets on ending food waste, water pollution and overfishing.

Efforts to limit global population growth by calling for improved access to
free contraception were watered down by protests from the Vatican.

Barbara Stocking, the head of Oxfam, who was part of the UK delegation
attending meetings with ministers, said it was “shamefully devoid of
progress”.

“Rio will go down as the hoax summit,” she said. “They came, they talked, but
they failed to act. We elect governments to tackle the issues that we can’t
tackle alone. But they are not providing the leadership the world
desperately needs. Paralysed by inertia and in hock to vested interests, too
many are unable to join up the dots and solve the connected crises of
environment, equity and economy.”

Nick Clegg, the UK Deputy Prime Minister, admitted he was “disappointed” with
the outcome.

He blamed a ‘neocolonial world’ where developing countries that want to
continue using fossil fuels to develop, like China and Brazil, have more
power than the West and Europe.

He explained that countries like India see the green economy as a “euphemism
for protectionism” that will stop them using huge natural resources of coal
to grow.

“We no longer live in a neocolonial world where a small number of Governments
can get together and write a text and say to the rest of the world you have
to accept this,” he said. “The developing world is much more assertive.”

Much of the anger at the conference was directed at world leaders for failing
to take the crisis in rising temperatures and loss of species seriously
enough. Britain’s Prime Minister David Cameron and Barack Obama, the
President of the United States did not even bother to turn up.

However Hillary Clinton, the US Secretary of State, insisted that the
conference was a success.

She said that the inclusion of ‘green economy’ in the text has given the
concept much more power and will encourage both government and business to
start cutting carbon and investing in renewables.

The text also promises to give more money to the UN environment programme to
help poorer countries tackle pollution and calls on all nations to start
measuring natural capital as well as GDP.

Quoting Steve Jobs, the late head of Apple in saying ‘Don’t think big, think
different’’, Ms Clinton said it will be the private sector that will drive
the shift to a green economy through innovation and market forces, rather
than state intervention.

But Craig Bennet, Friends of the Earth’s Director of Policy and Campaigns,
said businesses will only act once Governments give a clean signal.

“These talks have been completely undermined by a dangerous lack of ambition,
urgency and political will – and weak politicians too afraid to push for
anything tougher.

“World leaders are understandably concerned about the broken economy – but
until they stop treating it separately from our social and environmental
problems this will never be fixed,” he said.

As storm clouds gathered over Rio, Dame Barbara agreed that Governments have
failed to make the agreement strong enough.

But, alongside other NGOs, she vowed that even the weak agreement to sign up
to SDGs and start moving towards a green economy could be used to force
change.

“It’s been a painful birth but the vision of an ambitious set of goals on
environment and development, applicable to all countries, is a solitary
light in the fog.”

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