Probiotic Products May Prevent Antibiotic-Linked Diarrhea

TUESDAY, May 8 (HealthDay News) — Consuming probiotic-rich foods
may decrease the risk of diarrhea for patients who are taking antibiotics,
a new study suggests.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that are found naturally in foods
such as yogurt and are believed to provide health benefits.

About 30 percent of patients who take antibiotics will experience
diarrhea because the drugs disrupt gastrointestinal microbes, and diarrhea
is one of the main reasons people don’t adhere to antibiotic
treatment.

“Diarrhea is a common problem in patients receiving antibiotic therapy
and may limit their use,” said Dr. David Bernstein, chief of hepatology at
North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, N.Y. Bernstein was not
involved in the new study.

“While these antibiotics treat the underlying infection, they also
alter the normal gut [microbes], which leads to diarrhea,” Bernstein said.
“Replacing [the microbes] in patients on antibiotics has long been thought
to improve antibiotic-associated diarrhea.”

In the study, researchers led by Susanne Hempel, of RAND Health in
Santa Monica, Calif., reviewed the findings of 63 clinical trials
involving nearly 12,000 participants. They found that probiotic use was
associated with a 42 percent lower risk of developing
antibiotic-associated diarrhea.

“This study further underscores the importance of maintaining the
balance of our intestinal bacteria,” said Dr. Roshini Rajapaksa, a
gastroenterologist at NYU Langone Medical Center and assistant professor
at the NYU School of Medicine in New York City.

“We are learning how our beneficial bacteria can protect us not only
from gastrointestinal diseases but perhaps other conditions as well,” said
Rajapaksa, who was not involved in the new research. “If we disrupt our
bacterial balance with antibiotics, it seems prudent to restore the ‘good’
bacteria with a probiotic supplement. However, further research is needed
to determine which strains and doses will be most helpful.”

The study authors agreed that there wasn’t sufficient evidence to
determine if the beneficial effects of probiotics vary by patient
population, antibiotic characteristic or probiotic preparation.

“Future studies should assess these factors and explicitly assess the
possibility of adverse events to better refine our understanding of the
use of probiotics to prevent [antibiotic-associated diarrhea],” Rand and
her colleagues concluded.

The study showed only an association between probiotic use and
decreased odds for diarrhea; it was not designed to prove a
cause-and-effect relationship.

Bernstein said that, as of now, there is not much clarity for consumers
in terms of what microbes are included in a particular probiotic product.
Probiotics “remain a largely unregulated and diverse class of
supplements,” he said. “Probiotic preparations are made up of a multitude
of types of bacteria.”

The study appears in the May 9 issue of the Journal of the American
Medical Association
.

More information

The U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine has
more about probiotics.

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