Myelodysplastic Syndrome Linked to Abnormal Stem Cells

THURSDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) — As researchers suspected,
abnormal bone marrow stem cells trigger the development of myelodysplastic
syndromes, serious blood diseases that affect the bone marrow and can
progress to leukemia, according to a new study.

“Good Morning America” host Robin Roberts recently disclosed that she
had developed myelodysplastic syndrome, or MDS, as a rare complication of
her breast cancer treatment. The syndrome is diagnosed in about 10,000 to
15,000 people in the United States each year, mostly in men and in those
over age 60.

The new findings, published in the July 2 online edition of
Blood, could lead to improved treatments for myelodysplastic
syndrome and cancers related to the syndrome, researchers from the Albert
Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, in New York City,
suggested in an Einstein news release.

“Researchers have suspected that [myelodysplastic syndrome] is a ‘stem
cell disease,’ and now we finally have proof,” said the study’s co-senior
author Amit Verma, an associate professor of medicine and of developmental
and molecular biology at Einstein and attending physician in oncology at
Montefiore Einstein Center for Cancer Care.

“Equally important, we found that even after [myelodysplastic
syndrome] standard treatment, abnormal stem cells persist in the bone
marrow. So, although the patient may be in remission, those stem cells
don’t die and the disease will inevitably return. Based on our findings,
it’s clear that we need to wipe out the abnormal stem cells in order to
improve cure rates,” Verma explained in the news release.

For the study, the researchers analyzed bone marrow stem cells and the
progenitor cells, or cells formed by stem cells, of 16 patients with
various types of myelodysplastic syndrome. They compared these cells to
those of 17 people who did not have the syndrome.

The investigators found widespread genetic and epigenetic (related to
environmental factors) variations in the stem and progenitor cells taken
from myelodysplastic syndrome patients. The abnormalities were more
obvious in those with more serious forms of the disease, the researchers
noted.

“Our study offers new hope that [myelodysplastic syndromes] can be more
effectively treated, with therapies that specifically target genes that
are deregulated in early stem and progenitor cells,” the study’s co-senior
author Dr. Ulrich Steidl, an assistant professor of cell biology and of
medicine at Einstein, said in the news release. “In addition, our findings
could help to detect minimal residual disease in patients in remission,
allowing for more individualized treatment strategies that permanently
eradicate the disease.”

More information

The U.S. National Library of Medicine has more about myelodysplastic syndromes.

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