More Evidence That Shift Work Might Raise Heart Risks

THURSDAY, July 26 (HealthDay News) — People working evening
shifts, irregular shifts, night shifts and rotating shifts are at an
increased risk for heart attack and stroke, a large, new review
finds.

The best way to lower the risk of heart attack and stroke associated
with shift work is to keep the usual risk factors — such as blood
pressure, cholesterol, weight and diabetes — under control, experts say.

“Given the commonness of shift work in modern industrialized nations,
and industrializing nations, many heart attacks and strokes are likely
directly attributable to the effects of shift work,” said lead researcher
Dr. Daniel Hackam, a clinical pharmacologist at the Stroke Prevention and
Atherosclerosis Research Centre in London, Ontario, Canada.

Employers and employees must be aware of this problem, as should
doctors and others who see shift workers, he said.

Shift workers should receive cardiovascular risk factor screening and
prevention, and this should be ongoing and regular,” Hackam added.

Particular attention should be paid to risk factors that may be
worsened by shift work, such as blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes,
he noted.

“Since we are now in a 24/7 society, this problem is not likely to go
away any time soon,” Hackam pointed out.

The report was published online July 26 in the BMJ.

To look at the connection between heart attack, stroke and shift work,
Hackam’s group analyzed 34 studies that included more than 2 million
people.

This process of pooling results from different studies is called a
meta-analysis, and is used by researchers to uncover patterns that are
consistent across a large population.

Among the people in these studies, more than 17,000 had some kind of
cardiovascular problem. More than 6,500 had heart attacks and almost 1,900
had strokes, the research showed.

Hackam’s team found that shift workers had a nearly 25 percent
increased risk of having a cardiovascular problem, a 23 percent increased
risk of a heart attack and a 5 percent increased risk of a stroke when
compared to non-shift workers.

People working night shifts had the highest risk of a coronary event
(41 percent), they added.

Although the increased risks are small, because many people are shift
workers the number of people at risk is substantial, the researchers
explained.

In Canada, for example, almost 33 percent of workers were shift workers
in 2008-2009. In all, during that time, 7 percent of heart attacks, 7
percent of all coronary events and almost 2 percent of strokes could be
attributed to shift work, the investigators noted.

While this type of study can show an association between two factors,
it does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

Dr. Gregg Fonarow, a professor of cardiovascular medicine at the
University of California, Los Angeles, said that “a number of prior
studies have suggested that working outside of regular daytime hours may
be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and
stroke.”

This new study finds shift work is associated with a higher risk of
coronary events and stroke, he noted. But an increase in all-cause
mortality with shift work was not seen.

“While the increase in cardiovascular risk was modest, with as many as
15 million Americans working full-time on evening shift, night shift or
other irregular schedules, these findings may have important public health
implications,” Fonarow said.

“Individuals with these types of work schedules should recognize the
potential increase in risk for cardiovascular events and stroke, and take
proactive steps to improve their cardiovascular health,” he added.

More information

For more on heart disease, visit the U.S. National Library of
Medicine.

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