But with tensions mounting, it was unclear how the authorities would provide
enough security for the election to go ahead or persuade Libyans in the east
to respect the vote.
Saturday’s vote was meant to be epoch-defining, ushering in an era of
democracy that would unite a country large parts of which remain under the
control of militias operating without reference to Tripoli.
But many fear that it could instead entrench the divisions that are
increasingly challenging the foundation of the modern Libyan state, created
when Italy joined together the Western province of Tripolitania with
Cyrenaica in the East and Fezzan in the south.
Many in Benghazi, the capital of Cyrenaica, still harbour deep distrust for
western Libya and their anger has grown after the proposed composition of
the new assembly gave the east 60 seats against 102 for Tripoli and the west.
With two-thirds of Libyans living in the west, the National Transitional
Council insists that the division of seats reflects demographic reality. It
has also promised that all three provinces will be given equal
representation on the committee that drafts the constitution.
But eastern Libya holds four-fifths of the country’s oil, and there is anger
in the region that most of the profits end up in Tripoli. Libya’s oil
exports this year are expected to earn the country GBP 1 billion.
In March, tribal and political leaders in Benghazi declared Cyrenaica’s an
autonomous region, saying they would only recognise Tripoli as Libya’s
legitimate representative in foreign affairs — a federal model based on
pre-Gaddafi days.
While appetite for secession remains limited, there are fears that eastern
Libya’s well armed militias could assert their rights violently and there
have been mutterings in Benghazi of a “second revolution”.
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