Japan Is Burning Radioactive Debris Until 2014

Japan Is Burning Radioactive Debris Until 2014

© 2012 by Linda Moulton Howe

 

“Tokyo soil samples would be considered nuclear waste in the U. S.”

– Arnie Gundersen, Nuclear Engineer, Fairewinds

 

The New York Times, March 29, 2012.

 

March 30, 2012  Burlington, Vermont – On March 29, 2012, The New York Times reported under a headline “Japan Admits Nuclear Plant Still Poses Dangers” that the “damage to the core of at least one of the meltdown-stricken reactors at Fukushima could be far worse than previously thought, raising fresh concerns over the plant’s stability and gravely complicating the post-disaster cleanup.” The source is an internal investigation released this week by the Tokyo Electric Power plant operator, also known as TEPCO, is the manager of the Fukushima nuclear power planet. The TEPCO investigation has revealed that the Unit No. 2 reactor barely has water in the containment vessel that holds the radioactive fuel rods. Unit 2 has only two feet of water instead of the 33 feet its supposed to have to keep the fuel rods stable.

March 17, 2011, video frame from NHK World of Fukushima
Unit 2 steaming, smoking in uncontrolled heat.

Even today at the end of March 2012, TEPCO workers are still pumping about 9 tons of water every hour into Unit 2’s core to keep it cool. But the containment vessel radiation has been measured at 72.0 sieverts. That’s enough radiation to kill a person in minutes and to cause electrical equipment to malfunction. So now, special equipment might need to be developed that can tolerate the still-high radiation levels.

The low water level plus high radiation in Unit 2 means that radioactive water might be leaking out at a higher rate than previously estimated, flowing through pipes and right into the Pacific ocean.

The New York Times analysis of the TEPCO report indicates that damaged reactors 1 and 3 “could be in even worse condition. Hydrogen explosions blew out the outer walls of those reactors, and officials believe that more nuclear fuel has breached the containment vessel at the No. 1 reactor than even Units 2, 3 and 4.”  Even at Unit 4 that suffered a hydrogen explosion early on, the spent fuel rods now lie unprotected outside the unit’s containment vessel.

March 17, 2011:  Scott Portzline, Three Mile Island Alert, Harrisburg, PA: 
“Check out this helicopter video frame of Unit 1. It shows something
glowing (red on right). Could be fire or maybe even fuel?”

March 2011, Japanese fire truck spraying water on damaged Fukushima
Unit 3, the only reactor that contains MOX fuel, “mixed-oxide” that contains
more plutonium as well as uranium. Plutonium is the most dangerous
radioactive material with a half-life of 24,000 years. If it is released in
smoke and steam from a burning reactor, that plutonium can be inhaled
and will contaminate soil downwind. Image by Japanese Defense Ministry.

Hole is showing in the wall of Unit # 4 on March 16, 2011,
that has been on fire at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, Japan.
Image © 2011 by NHK World TV news.

On top of  all those problems, the Japanese government made a decision at the end of 2011 to burn the tons of radioactive waste from now through 2014, defending its plan to mix radioactive debris with non-radioactive debris that will dilute the amount of radioactive contamination to safe levels. But nuclear engineer and nuclear safety expert Arnie Gundersen at Fairewinds Associates in Burlington, Vermont, told me on March 16th before the TEPCO investigation was made public that he completely disagrees with the burning radioactive debris project and sees a still-possible nightmare situation if another earthquake further damages the Fukushima nuclear reactors.


Interview:

Arnie Gundersen, Nuclear Engineer
Fairewinds Associates, Inc.
Burlington, Vermont

Arnie Gundersen, Nuclear Engineer and Safety Expert, Fairewinds Associates, Inc., Burlington, Vermont:  “There is a school near Tokyo that had a very contaminated tarp that was laid out on the field back in March 2011 (after 3/11 quake and tsunami). And they rolled the tarp up and somebody discovered, ‘Oh, my God, this thing is really contaminated!’

Rather than treat that tarp as radioactive waste – a couple thousand pounds – what the Japanese are doing is adding to it a thousand times more clean (non-radioactive) waste, so they are diluting down the amount of radiation per pound. Of course, they have created a thousand times more volume in the process. So they are burning this radioactive tarp with a thousand times more clean  waste and then they are taking that ash and saying it’s acceptable to throw into Tokyo Bay because the concentrations are so low.

Now as far as I’m concerned, that is absurd. The better way of doing it is to take that tarp and treat that tarp as radioactive waste and put it in a geologic form where it’s locked up somewhere  and not lying in Tokyo Bay. I think the Japanese government has deluded themselves into thinking that if they spread the radioactivity out, nobody will notice. And that is just not true. What is already happening is that it’s concentrating in the bottoms of rivers, you are seeing it already starting to work its way up through the food chain.

We’ve got a highly radioactive rabbit that was caught 100 kilometers – 60 miles away – from Fukushima. So the rabbits are already radioactive.

We’ve got cedar pollen. Now, it’s almost spring in Fukushima Prefecture and the cedar trees are budding and they are loaded with radioactive cesium, so the cesium is going to re-volatilize and go airborne again and the cedar pollen will carry it as much as 100 miles.

The Japanese are fooling themselves when they look at this problem and think that by spreading it out over their whole population, it’s going to go away.

AND WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR US IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE REST OF THE WORLD IF RADIOACTIVITY CONTINUES TO BE BURNED FROM NOW TO 2014 FROM JAPAN?

There was a scientific study recently that said 20% of the radiation from Fukushima wound up on Japan; 78% wound up in the Pacific Ocean. So first off, thank God the wind was blowing out to sea because the country of Japan would no longer be able to function if the wind had been blowing across it. That would have cut Japan in half. 78% of the nuclear waste from  Fukushima is now in the Pacific Ocean. So that will work its way up through the food chain over time and I think you will see top of the food chain predators like tuna and salmon and barracuda and things like that, showing high concentrations of radioactivity in a couple of years.

 

2% of Fukushima Radioactivity
Went to American and Canada Cascade Range

The Cascade Mountain Range extends from British Columbia,
Canada, south through Washington, Oregon and northern California.

So, where did the other 2% go?  Most of it went into the Cascade Range of the United States. We found measurable concentrations of cesium in the Portland, Oregon, area; measurable concentrations in the Vancouver area. We know there were hot particles in the air in Seattle in April 2011. So clearly, people have been exposed.

Because that radiation is disbursed up and down the coast, we are never going to find THE person who got THE Fukushima radiation. But there will be additional cancers, especially in the Cascades because most of what did not fall in Japan and what did not fall in the Pacific Ocean  wound up in the Cascade Range.

THE CASCADE RANGE YOU WOULD DEFINE AS BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, OREGON, WASHINGTON AND PERHAPS SOME OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA?

Yes. I actually had a lab report from a person in California, who sampled pine cones and they found both radioactive cesium-134 and cesium-137 in pine cones in California.

Now, that’s nowhere near the concentrations that we see in Japan. But any amount of radiation can cause a cancer. I’m anticipating about a million cancers in Japan for the next 20 or 30 years as a result of the Fukushima accident.

AND BURNING RADIOACTIVE DEBRIS HAS NOT BEEN DEFINED AS ILLEGAL IN ANY INTERNATIONAL LAW?

No.

BACK IN JAPAN, IS THERE ANY OBJECTIVE AGENCY THAT IS MONITORING THE BURNING OF THE RADIOACTIVE DEBRIS TO SEE IF THE RADIATION IS RISING TOWARD ANY DANGEROUS LEVELS?

I think the concentrations they are already experiencing are dangerous. What the Japanese are considering safe – even when they dilute it a thousand times – in the United States that material would be subject to being treated as radioactive waste and being dumped in a monitored, retrievable situation in Texas, for instance.

So what the Japanese are spreading throughout their country, in the United States would already  be considered radioactive waste.

 

Tokyo Radioactive Soil Samples

I was in Tokyo three weeks ago and I just took five samples. I was not cherry picking. I was not looking for any hotspots. I just stopped and peeled up the dirt by a children’s playground that had been decontaminated – I peeled up a the dirt in a crack in the pavement. Then I was up on a rooftop garden and took some dirt from the rooftop garden. I declared them back through customs and said I was doing a scientific study, had a little bit of dirt, and they allowed me through. All of the samples were over 7,000 disintegrations every second in a kilogram of soil. All of those samples would be considered radioactive waster here in the United States. But in Tokyo, people are just walking by it every day and don’t even know it’s there.

So, no, the Japanese ‘solution’ is to raise the radioactive standard so high that the standard is effectively meaningless.

WHICH IS A FORM OF ALICE IN WONDERLAND DENIAL.

Yes, it is. You are absolutely right. The Japanese government is in denial.

WHAT IS THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE ABOUT TEMPERATURES RISING  IN UNIT 2, AND WHAT HAPPENED TO THE PLUTONIUM THAT WAS MORE IN UNIT 3?

When you shut a nuclear reactor down, you really don’t stop the heat that is coming out of it. The chain reaction stops, but all of the pieces of uranium that have been broken off with fission products remain hot for five years – physically hot. They remain radioactive for hundreds of years, but they remain physically hot for five years or more. So, we’re going to continue to see heat coming out of these nuclear power plants for five years – which is why the Japanese have to keep throwing water in.

The temperature increases in Unit 2 appear to be a faulty instrument. And I sort of believe that. The biggest problem that I see is the seismic risk because we’ve got fuel pools in Units 4 and 3 and 2 and 1 that are exposed to the atmosphere now and if there is a major seismic event – especially in Units 3 and 4 – if those fuel pools crack, we can still be right back to where we were on the very first day of the accident and risk destroying the nation of Japan.

The Brookhaven National Labs did a study that showed if a fuel pool were to lose its water, it would cause a fuel pool fire and that would volatilize lots of radioactive chemicals that could kill 186,000 people relatively quickly from cancer. So, the big problem is the fuel pools on Units 3 and 4 because those are the ones most structurally compromised. Should there be another seismic event, they might not withstand it, so that’s my big concern looking forward. Let’s just pray that they don’t have another big earthquake.

I think it’s Tokyo Electric’s (TEPCO) top priority to empty the fuel pool in Unit 4. Now the fuel pool in Unit 3 is just as bad, but Unit 3 is so radioactive that no one has ever gotten near it yet. We essentially have two fuel pools that either one of which could cause another mass evacuation.

UNIT 3 IS WHERE THERE WAS MORE PLUTONIUM IN THAT MOX FUEL, CORRECT?

There were 30 bundles of  MOX fuel in Unit 3, but there was a lot of plutonium in Unit 3 anyway. All of the reactors had plutonium because it’s a by-product of U-238 and those reactors had all been running for years. So I don’t think the little bit of extra MOX fuel in Unit 3 was a causative factor in any of the extra problems in Unit 3.

THERE REALLY WERE THREE MELTDOWNS AND IT’S THE MELTDOWNS INTO THE CORE THAT WE ARE NOW WRESTLING WITH ALL OF THESE HUGE RADIOACTIVE  PROBLEMS.

Yes, that’s correct. The meltdowns are because the nuclear cores have been running for years and there was an enormous amount of  radioactive decay products.

When I was over in Japan I said, ‘All of the people on the planet have a deep debt to the thousand or two thousand men who risked their lives on not just Fukushima Daiichi, but also Fukushima Daini that almost melted down. So there are about a thousand or two thousand people who definitely saved Japan and likely saved the world from a real serious accident because they risked their lives in the first two or three weeks. While the Japanese government was saying there is no problem and TEPCO was downplaying the significance, a couple thousand people risked their lives and reduced their life expectancy to save all of us.

 

Fukushima Noble Gas Release
3 Times Worse Than Chernobyl

A YEAR AGO WHEN WE FIRST DID AN INTERVIEW AFTER MARCH 11, 2011, YOU SAID THIS HAD THE POTENTIAL TO BE GREATER THAN CHERNOBYL. WHAT DO YOU THINK TODAY? [ See 031811 Earthfiles.]

Well, there are three different kinds of gases that were released. The noble gases are definitely worse than Chernobyl.  There are scientific papers out that show this was THREE TIMES WORSE than Chernobyl as far as releases of noble gases.

The other is radioactive iodine and radioactive cesium. It’s a numbers game because nobody measured this stuff. There were no detectors working. They all lost their power and got blown to smithereens. The nuclear industry is trying to push the numbers to show that it is less than Chernobyl, but when I do the numbers, it says as bad or worse than Chernobyl. But Chernobyl was awful! So we’re comparing degrees of awfulness, but I think the noble gas data in Japan shows that it was three times worse than Chernobyl.

And we’re not out of the woods yet. If there’s an earthquake, we’re right back to the very first week (of March 11, 2011.)”

 

Japan Radioactive Update

– Radioactive cesium has been found in Pacific Ocean plankton nearly 375 miles away from the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster. The expectation is that plankton-eating fish will be contaminated as well.

– The Environment Ministry announced that radioactive cesium levels have soared to 154,000 becquerels per kilogram in soil around the Fukushima Prefecture village of Iitate, now deserted except for some animals.

– The future of Japan’s population around the Fukushima region and beyond can be seen in A Re-Analysis of Cancer Incidence Near the Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant of March 28, 1979. Originally the nuclear industry and government reports in the United States concluded that the maximum gamma dose to a member of the general population there was about 1 mSv and that the Three Mile Island meltdown would not result in detectable health effects.

But Dr. Steve Wing and colleagues re-analyzed data from the TMI Public Health Fund. The result: “Increases in cancer incidence after the 1979 TMI incident were greater in areas estimated to have been more exposed to accident plumes. … These associations were stronger, in particular for all cancers and leukemia. …Findings support the allegation that people in the area who reported erythema (skin redness), hair loss, vomiting and pet deaths at the time of the 1979 Three Mile Island nuclear melt down were not suffering from emotional stress, but rather were exposed to high level radiation.”


More Information:

According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, the Fukushima nuclear reactor Unit 4 is a Mark I Containment design in which the spent fuel pool red-circled on illustration below is ABOVE the nuclear reactor.

Scott Portzline, Three Mile Island Alert:  “In the Mark I Containment design,
the nuclear fuel pools are not in the containment whatsoever. So, if the spent
fuel pool above the reactor runs dry, the radiation will go outside because
there is no containment!” Illustration by Union of Concerned Scientists.

For further reports about seismic events, please see Earthfiles Archive:

• 09/30/2011 — Japan’s 3/11 Radiation Refugees
• 06/06/2011 — Where is Plutonium-MOX Nuclear Reactor Fuel Ejected from Fukushima Unit 3?
• 03/18/2011 — Water Cannons, Fire Trucks and Tons of Helicopter-Lifted Water Have Not Stopped Heating in Fukushima Reactors
• 03/15/2011 — Japan Seismic Agency Says Strong Chance of 7.0 Aftershocks. Pattern of Quakes Headed Toward Tokyo
• 03/14/2011 — Three Japan Damaged Nuclear Reactor Fuel Rods “Melting”?
• 02/25/2010 — Yellowstone Seismic Swarms – What Do They Mean?
• 02/07/2009 — What Happens If Alaska’s Mt. Redoubt Volcano Erupts Soon?
• 10/24/2008 — Rapidly Changing Earth
• 07/27/2006 — San Andreas Fault So Stressed, Next Quake Could Be Magnitude 8.0
• 01/03/2006 — Antarctic Earthquakes and Edgar Cayce Pole Shift Prediction
• 03/10/2005 — Juan de Fuca Ridge: 4,000 Small Quakes West of Vancouver Island, Feb. 27 – Mar. 4.
• 02/04/2005 — Swarms of Earthquakes in Ecuador and the Nicobar and Andaman Islands – Is There A Connection?
• 01/07/2005 — 9.0 Sumatra Earthquake Update
• 09/27/2004 — Earthquake Swarms At Mt. St. Helens, Washington
• 12/13/2003 — Yellowstone Is Still An Active Volcano
• 09/19/2003 — Yellowstone Park – Will There Be Another “Super Volcano?”
• 08/30/2003 — Volcanic and Seismic Threats to Northwest U. S.
• 10/22/2002 — U. S. DOD Satellites Detected Explosion of Siberian Bolide
• 12/01/2001 — 1200 B. C. – What Caused Earthquake Storms, Global Drought and End of Bronze Age?


Websites:   

Radiation Terms and Dose Effects On Humans:  http://www.ieer.org/fctsheet/radiationhealthfactsheet_2011.pdf

Union of Concerned Scientists:  http://allthingsnuclear.org/

Fairewinds Associates, Inc:  http://www.fairewinds.com/

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC):  http://www.nrc.gov/

Bloomberg News:  http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-03-17/japan-churns-through-heroic-workers-hitting-radiation-limits-for-humans.html  

Kyodo News Agency:  http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/78367.html

March 11, 2011, Japan Quake and Tsunami:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Sendai_earthquake_and_tsunami

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):  http://www-ns.iaea.org/

World Nuclear Association:  http://www.world-nuclear.org/

Chernobyl:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster

Potassium Iodide:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_iodide

Seismic Aftershocks:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftershock

Open Hazards:  http://www.openhazards.com/       

NASA About Plate Boundaries:  http://scign.jpl.nasa.gov/learn/plate4.htm    

Ring of Fire Maps:  http://engwell.wikispaces.com/RING+OF+FIRE+MAP

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