James Cameron descends to the bottom of the Mariana Trench

Some have accused Cameron, who once declared “I’m the king of the world” in an
Oscar acceptance speech for Titanic, of ego-driven grandstanding. After all,
there will be little to see in the dark depths. But the man himself, who has
poured millions of dollars of his own money into fulfilling a boyhood dream,
says there will be a valuable scientific element to his extreme dive.

He is collecting animals, rocks, water and sediment using a robotic arm, and
deploying traps with bait on the seabed to attract undiscovered creatures.
The rocks will be analysed by geologists seeking to understand the movements
of tectonic plates, and bacteria will be studied by space scientists seeking
to discover how life survives in extreme conditions.

Before setting out, Cameron said: “The goal of all this is not just to set
records and do grandstanding dives. We want to push the envelope not only of
scientific knowledge but also of engineering. Who knows what we might find.
We are there to do science but also to bring the average person, who only
imagines this, to show them what it’s like.”

The director has assembled a team of experts and people he has worked with on
films, including one who used to create the rigging that allows actors to
“fly” during movie shoots.

Cameron said: “They all have to be a bit whacked to think it is possible to do
something that is normally the province of governments or scientific
institutions.”

Cameron is ahead of fellow explorer Sir Richard Branson who also has a project
to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench and unveiled his own submersible
last year.

The Mariana Trench is located off the Philippines and reaches its maximum
depth at a point called Challenger Deep. The pressure there is more than
1,000 times that at the surface.

The last, and only, mission there was conducted by the US Navy in 1960 and saw
Swiss oceanographer Jacques Piccard and US Navy lieutenant Don Walsh reach
the bottom.

They reported seeing “snuff coloured ooze,” a shrimp and a flatfish.

However, scientists have disputed whether a fish could have been living at
such a depth.

Piccard and Walsh were on the sea floor for 20 minutes before cracks started
to appear in the windows of their primitive submersible Trieste and they
ascended.

The feat received global attention but did not capture the public imagination
in the same way as the moon mission later in the decade.

Remotely operated vehicles have returned in 1995 and 2009 and found six animal
species including worms, sea cucumbers and crustaceans called amphipods.

Don Walsh, the US Navy officer who reached the bottom in 1960, is now aged 80.
Describing the pioneering moment he said: “I’m afraid we didn’t have any
profound words that could be written down somewhere. It was a quiet moment
and then when we realised that we weren’t going to see anything.”

According to Cameron the current state of ocean exploration is unacceptable
and he hopes to stimulate more interest.

His chief scientist Doug Bartlett, a marine microbiologist at the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California, said: “I think there
will be kids dreaming of the possibility of going into engineering and
oceanography and all sorts of science fields as a result of what Jim has
catalysed.”

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