Ironing out the mystery of bird navigation

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PERTH, April 12 AAP – While migrating birds are believed to use the earth’s magnetic field to navigate, new research has again baffled scientists as to how they do it.

According to an article published in Nature on Wednesday, iron-filled beak cells previously thought to be the centre of the magnetic sense in birds are made up of normal protein-bound iron deposits which are not magnetoreceptive.

Scientists who took part in the international study said the finding had taken them back to square one.

“The mystery of how animals detect magnetic fields has just got more mysterious,” said David Keays, an Australian who now works at the Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna, Austria.

University of Western Australia scientists Jeremy Shaw and Martin Saunders, who also worked on the study, said they used a beam of high-energy electrons passing through thin samples of pigeon tissue to see what type of iron minerals were present.

“Our contribution confirmed that the iron in the macrophage cells in the pigeon beak were normal iron deposits similar to that found in many other animals,” Dr Shaw said.

Macrophage cells were found in the spleen, skin and lungs of many animals and had a vital role in defending against infection and in the re-cycling of iron from red blood cells, the scientists said.

In addition to the beak, similar iron-rich cells were also found in the pigeons’ feather follicle and skin cells, showing they were widely distributed through the body.

Scientists are now working to establish the exact mechanism by which migratory birds respond to magnetic fields and are hoping to link their findings to other homing species, such as bees, rainbow trout and sea turtles.

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