Infection With 2 HIV Strains Slows Disease Progression

WEDNESDAY, July 18 (HealthDay News) — While many people don’t
know it, there’s more than one kind of AIDS virus. Besides the HIV-1
strain that’s common throughout the world, a type known as HIV-2 is found
in some parts of Africa. Now, a new study finds that people infected with
HIV-2 and later with HIV-1 appear to be better equipped to fight off the
virus.

Double-infected people can still go on to develop AIDS, and there’s no
indication that anyone infected with HIV-1 should go out in search of
HIV-2.

However, “this study should prompt researchers to take a fresh look at
HIV-2 infection” and why it seems weaker, and the potential implications
for a vaccine, said Sarah Rowland-Jones, an AIDS specialist and professor
of immunology at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, England.

The big questions, she said, are these: Is there something about the
HIV-2 virus that makes it less dangerous to the human body’s immune system
defenses? Or is it perhaps the other way around, and the body’s defenses
are the key?

“If we understood this, it would have a lot of relevance for HIV
vaccine design,” said Rowland-Jones, who’s familiar with the new study’s
findings.

The HIV-2 strain is largely found in West Africa and hasn’t spread much
beyond there, although there have been cases reported in Europe, India,
Japan and the United States, Rowland-Jones said. Many people who are
infected with the HIV-2 virus develop AIDS and die, but some live normal
lives, she said.

The new study looked at West Africans in the country of Guinea-Bissau
and focused on 223 people who first became infected with HIV-2 and then
with HIV-1 or those who only got the HIV-1 strain.

The researchers tracked the patients for about 20 years. They found
that it took an average of 104 months (nine years) for those with dual
infections to develop AIDS, but just 68 months (nearly six years) for
those infected solely with the HIV-1 virus.

“Those infected with HIV-2 first seem to be better prepared to handle
the more aggressive HIV-1 infection and thereby have a longer progression
time to AIDS,” said study lead author Joakim Esbjörnsson, a
postdoctoral researcher at Lund University, in Sweden.

“It is clear that the effect is huge,” Esbjörnsson said, and it
probably affects death rates, too.

Esbjörnsson emphasized that the research only looked at people who
became infected with HIV-2 first: “People already single-infected
with HIV-1 should under no circumstances try to get infected with HIV-2,”
he said.

Phyllis Kanki, an AIDS specialist and professor of immunology and
infectious diseases at the Harvard School of Public Health, suggested that
people who get infected with HIV-2, which affects the body more slowly,
may develop better defenses against the virus. That, in turn, could help
them more effectively fight the HIV-1 strain, she said.

The study appears in the July 19 issue of The New England Journal of
Medicine
.

More information

To learn more about HIV, visit the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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