HIV Exposure Before Birth May Raise Kids’ Risk of Hearing Loss

FRIDAY, June 22 (HealthDay News) — Children exposed to HIV in
the womb are at increased risk for hearing loss by the time they’re in
their teens, according to a new study.

The study included more than 200 kids, aged 7 to 16, who had been
exposed to HIV before birth. About 60 percent of the children were
HIV-positive. Hearing tests were conducted on participants if their
parents or caregivers had reported hearing problems, if they had low
scores on a standard language test or if their doctors detected hearing
problems.

Based on their findings from this group, the researchers estimated that
hearing loss affects 9 percent to 15 percent of HIV-infected children and
5 to 8 percent of children who did not have HIV at birth but whose mothers
had HIV infection during pregnancy.

Children with HIV infection were about 200 to 300 percent more likely
to have hearing loss than those in the general population. Children who
were HIV-free but whose mothers had HIV infection during pregnancy were 20
percent more likely to have hearing loss, according to the scientists in a
U.S. National Institutes of Health research network led by the National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).

“Children exposed to HIV before birth are at higher risk for hearing
difficulty, and it’s important for them — and the health providers who
care for them — to be aware of this,” Dr. George Siberry, of the
Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch of the NICHD, said in an
NIH news release.

“If parents and teachers know the child has a hearing problem, then
they may take measures to compensate in various communication settings,
such as placement in the front of the classroom or avoiding noisy
settings,” Howard Hoffman, director of the Epidemiology and Statistics
Program at the U.S. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication
Disorders, said in the release.

Previous research has shown that children with HIV are susceptible to
middle ear infections, according to the news release, and repeated middle
ear infections can cause hearing loss. But 60 percent of the cases of
hearing loss in this study were due to problems with the transmission of
sound from the nerves of the ear to the brain, rather than ear
infection-related damage to the middle ear.

More information

The New Mexico AIDS Education and Training Center has more about HIV and pregnancy.

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