Gene Research Offers Clues to Parkinson’s Disease

TUESDAY, Feb. 7 (HealthDay News) — In certain people with
Parkinson’s disease, mutations in the parkin gene disrupt the proper
function of dopamine, the brain chemical that controls body movement.

The finding could lead to new treatments and screening methods for the
disease, according to the University at Buffalo researchers.

Using live human neurons in the laboratory, the team found that parkin
mutations hinder the actions of dopamine and produce more “free radicals,”
harmful molecules that destroy dopamine-laden brain cells, leading to
Parkinson’s disease.

“Once parkin is mutated, it can no longer precisely control the action
of dopamine, which supports the neural computation required for our
movement,” study author Jian Feng, a professor of physiology and
biophysics in the university’s School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,
said in a university news release.

The parkin mutation is responsible for only a small percentage of
Parkinson’s disease cases, Feng stressed. Nevertheless, understanding how
parkin works is relevant to all Parkinson’s patients, he said.

One expert agreed that the finding may not be of direct help to most
Parkinson’s patients at this time.

“One should be cautious in overstating the importance of this since
most cases of idiopathic [arising from unknown cause] Parkinson’s disease
are not caused by parkin mutations,” explained Dr. Andrew Feigin, director
of the experimental therapeutics division of the Center for Neurosciences
at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, N.Y.
However, he added that, “the creation of human neurons containing a parkin
mutation may provide a new means for screening potential therapies for
Parkinson’s disease.”

The study appears in the current issue of the journal Nature
Communications
.

The researchers said this is the first study to use live human neurons
to investigate the role that parkin plays in Parkinson’s disease, and it
was made possible by the use of stem cells.

The research team created human neurons using human skin cells taken
from four people: two with a rare type of Parkinson’s disease in which
their disease is caused by the parkin mutation, and two with healthy
people who served as controls.

There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, which affects at least
500,000 people in the United States.

More information

We Move has more about Parkinson’s disease.

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