Found after 94 years

She navigated through dense minefields and past a string of enemy forts on
both shores but when her captain, Lieutenant-Commander Geoffrey White, found
that his target was not where it was expected to be, he instead attacked
another enemy vessel in their path. However, one of the torpedoes exploded
prematurely, damaging E14 and alerting Ottoman forces along the coast to the
submarine’s presence.

White headed back down the straits towards safety but was eventually forced to
surface the craft after her controls became unresponsive and the air on
board began to run out.

The vessel was instantly battered by intense bombardment by guns from both
sides of the straits, but White left the comparative safety of the boat’s
hull to go up on deck to navigate.

Realising the submarine could not reach the open sea, he directed her towards
a nearby beach, in an effort to save the crew. A survivor recalled that his
last words were – “We are in the hands of God”, uttered moments before he
was killed by a shell and the submarine went under.

For his actions, he was posthumously awarded the VC. Only seven of E14’s 32
crew managed to escape from the stricken craft.

Three years earlier, during the Gallipoli Campaign – the allied landings on
the coast at the end of the Dardanelles – the same vessel conducted a daring
raid through the straits, past dense minefields and deep into enemy
territory, in the Sea of Marmara.

Once there, the submarine dodged hostile patrols and caused havoc among enemy
shipping for several days, sinking an Ottoman gunboat and a former White
Star liner converted to a troop ship, and disabling another warship.

For that 1915 mission, her skipper, Lieutenant Commander Edward Boyle, was
awarded the VC. He went on to make at least two more tours of the Sea of
Marmara on E14, during the boat’s distinguished career.

The shipwreck was discovered by Selçuk Kolay, a Turkish marine engineer, and
Savas Karakas, a diver and filmmaker, who have spent three years trying to
find it.

They established the approximate location from studying documents kept at the
National Archives, in Kew, west London, as well as surveying the positions
of coastal defences. In 2010, they detected an unusual object on the seabed
just off the town of Kum Kale while scanning it from a boat on the surface.

However, the wreck’s location – near the mouth of the straits – remains a
strategically sensitive area, with a military installation on the nearby
shore, and diving is forbidden.

It took a further two years to get permission from the Turkish military
authorities before their team were able to dive to the wreck and confirm it
as the E14 earlier this month.

The submarine was found at a depth of 65ft, around 800ft from the beach. It is
lying at an angle of almost 45 degrees on the sloping seabed, and all but
the front 23ft of the 181ft vessel is covered in sand.

While the wreck looks largely intact, at least one shell hole is visible near
the bows, indicating the battering the submarine took.

Her location also suggests she was less than a quarter of a mile from getting
out of the straits and out of the range of guns.

Mr Kolay said: “They were almost out of the Dardanelles and would have been
safe. The wreck is in a good condition and is one of the best preserved
submarines of its type left on the earth. It is of great historical
significance, as well as being, of course, a war grave.”

Boyle, who was born in Carlisle and went to school at Cheltenham College,
survived the war and also served in the Second World War, reaching the rank
of rear admiral. He died in 1967 in Ascot, Berks, at the age of 84.

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport,
Hants.

White was from Bromley, Kent, and had gone to school at Bradfield College,
Reading. He was killed at the age of 31, leaving a widow, Sybil, and three
children under the age of six.

His medal is now owned by his grandson, Richard Campbell, 60, from Pulborough,
West Sussex, who keeps it in a bank.

“I have always felt that my grandmother is the only person who really had the
right to sell it, if she wanted to,” he said. “It was very dear to her. She
had great pride in it, without a doubt.”

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