Fever During Pregnancy May Raise Odds for Autism in Offspring

TUESDAY, May 29 (HealthDay News) — Women who develop fevers
while pregnant may be more than twice as likely to have a child with
autism spectrum disorder or another developmental delay, a new study
suggests.

Exactly how, or even if, fevers may increase the risk for autism is
unknown, and experts were quick to say women should not panic if they do
develop a fever while pregnant because taking fever-reducing medications
cuts the risk.

One in 88 children in the United States has an autism spectrum
disorder, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. This is an umbrella term for developmental disorders that can
range from mild to severe and that often affect social and communication
skills. Little is known about what causes autism or precisely why rates
seem to be increasing.

Researchers from the University of California, Davis asked the moms of
about 1,100 kids with and without autism spectrum disorder or other
developmental delays whether they had the flu or fever during their
pregnancies and if they took any medications to treat these illnesses.
Their findings were published online in the Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders
.

According to the new data, moms who had a fever from any cause during
pregnancy were more than twice as likely to have a child with autism or
another developmental delay, when compared with moms who did not run fever
during pregnancy. Moms who had the flu during pregnancy were not at
greater risk for having children with autism or another developmental
delay.

What’s more, moms who took fever-reducing medication during pregnancy
had similar risks as those moms who did not run a fever during their
pregnancy.

“Our study provides strong evidence that controlling fevers while
pregnant may be effective in modifying the risk of having a child with
autism or developmental delay,” study author Dr. Ousseny Zerbo, a
postdoctoral researcher with Kaiser Permanente’s Northern California
Division of Research in Oakland, Calif., said in a university news
release. Zerbo was a doctoral candidate with UC Davis when the study was
conducted. “We recommend that pregnant women who develop fever take
anti-[fever] medications and seek medical attention if their fever
persists.”

The findings are culled from the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics
and Environment (CHARGE) study. This is the same dataset that recently
led to a report that moms who are obese or have diabetes may be at higher
risk for having children with autism. The common denominator between
diabetes, obesity and fever is inflammation.

“This study puts the spotlight on inflammatory factors as a possible
role in autism,” said Dr. Y. Jane Tavyev, director of pediatric neurology
at pediatric services at Cedars Sinai in Los Angeles. But, she added, “I
don’t think that this should make people panic about getting sick during
pregnancy. Mounting a fever is part of the body’s immune response to help
kill bacteria and viruses.”

Dr. Daniel Coury, a professor of clinical pediatrics and psychiatry at
Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus,
Ohio, urges caution in interpreting the new findings. “It is an
association, and doesn’t mean that maternal fever causes autism, just that
we see these two occurring together more frequently than other
things.”

Alycia Halladay, director of research for environmental sciences at
Autism Speaks, said that “this new report from the CHARGE study adds
another piece to the puzzle around environmental risk factors in the
causes of autism spectrum disorder. Further studies are needed to
interpret how these many risk factors are related to each other and to an
autism spectrum dissected diagnosis. This includes how genes interact with
these risk factors, and whether some of the risk factors act together to
modify risk.”

More information

For more on autism, visit the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
.

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