Explorers on Ill-Fated 1910 Polar Expedition Died of Starvation

THURSDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) — A century after the tragic British
Terra Nova expedition to the South Pole, new research shows that Robert
Falcon Scott and his men died of starvation.

Though they were eating rations of biscuits, pemmican (dried meat and
fat paste), butter, sugar, chocolate, cereals, raisin and some pony meat,
the daily allotment did not contain enough calories to keep them alive
given the extreme amount of physical exertion.

Using modern knowledge of nutrition and the body’s response to extreme
temperatures and high altitudes, Dr. Lewis Halsey, an environmental
physiologist at the University of Roehampton, in London, and Dr. Mike
Stroud, a physician and polar explorer, reexamined Scott’s voyage. They
determined that Scott and his crew did not consume enough calories to fuel
their activities.

The study was presented July 1 at the Society for Experimental Biology
meeting in Salzburg, Austria.

“There has been much speculation about what Scott died of. Almost
certainly his death was due to chronic and extreme emaciation,” said
Halsey in a society news release.

The Terra Nova Expedition set out in 1910 with the goal of being the
first to reach the South Pole. They reached their destination in 1912,
only to find that they had been beaten to the pole by a Norwegian team.
The Terra Nova team died on their way home.

The men consumed about 4,400 calories a day, but probably expended
closer 7,000 calories daily as they hauled supplies on sledges across the
ice and snow, researchers said. This daily activity level is higher than
most Olympic athletes in training.

The calorie mix was also insufficient, with their ration containing too
little fat, researchers said. Their daily diet contained 24 percent fat
and 29 percent protein. To fulfill their daily requirements, the men would
have had to consume closer to 57 percent fat and 8 percent protein,
researchers said.

Although it’s not known if the team developed scurvy, researchers
believe the men probably did due to inadequate vitamin C. At the time of
their expedition, the researchers noted, there was confusion over which
foods would prevent the condition. (They did, however, have cocaine with
them to boost energy when they ran out of food.)

Because this study was presented at a medical meeting, the data and
conclusions should be viewed as preliminary until published in a
peer-reviewed journal.

More information

The Antarctic Heritage Trust has more about the Scott
expedition
.

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