THURSDAY, Dec. 29 (HealthDay News) — People with a mental
illness struggle with symptoms ranging from crushing depression and
crippling anxiety to powerful delusions and hallucinations that force them
to actively sort out the real from the imagined.
And if that weren’t enough, they also have to deal with the way the
rest of the world perceives their inner struggle.
Stigma associated with mental illness remains widespread in U.S.
society, despite some progress made in demystifying these medical
conditions, said Michael J. Fitzpatrick, executive director of the
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).
“It’s pervasive, but it’s nuanced, too,” Fitzpatrick said. “Most
Americans understand that mental illnesses are treatable illnesses. I
think people basically understand depression. Depression is talked about
in the media and is considered a treatable disease. But when you reach
psychosis and schizophrenia, there’s still a lot of misunderstanding and
fear.”
As a result, people with a mental illness often feel isolated, afraid
and rejected by society — a stigma that causes many people to go without
the treatment they need, said Dr. Garianne Gunter, an adult and child
psychiatrist with the South Carolina Department of Mental Health.
An estimated one in five people will suffer from a mental or
neurological disorder at some point in their lives, according to NAMI. Yet
two-thirds of people with a known mental disorder never seek
treatment.
“A lot of times, people won’t seek help for mental illness because of
the stigma,” Gunter said. “They won’t get help until they’re near suicide
or they are suffering from very severe symptoms.”
The U.S. military has recognized this as a problem for troops returning
from active duty in a war zone, Gunter said. Soldiers with post-traumatic
stress disorder or another form of mental injury, she said, won’t seek
help because they are worried it could end their careers.
Both the U.S. and British armed forces have launched efforts to reduce
the stigma attached to mental illness, urging soldiers to come forward for
treatment. The “Real Warriors Campaign” in the United States and the
“Don’t Bottle It Up” initiative in the United Kingdom aim to convince
troops that mental illness is treatable and should not be looked upon with
shame or embarrassment.
“I was very impressed to know they were doing that,” Gunter said of the
armed forces’ stigma campaigns.
Societal stigma also can hamper treatment if people don’t receive the
support they need from family and friends, she said, adding that all too
often, people diagnosed with a mental illness find their loved ones acting
differently toward them.
“It affects their network of support,” Gunter said. “If you were
diagnosed with cancer or diabetes, you’d tell everyone and you’d be
supported and prayed for and nurtured. If you tell people you have been
diagnosed with a mental illness, you won’t necessarily receive that same
level of support.”
Misconceptions and ignorance regarding mental illness fuel the stigma,
Fitzpatrick added.
“People don’t know where to go for treatment. They don’t know what
they’re seeing,” he said. “Mental illnesses are kind of where cancer was
in the ’50s. Not a lot is known about either the disease or the
treatment.”
That’s why problems such as depression and anxiety are becoming more
accepted — the spotlight has shone brightest on these disorders, creating
better education among the populace, he explained.
However, media portrayals of mental illness sometimes foster and
reinforce people’s worst fears.
Mental illness usually hits the news when tragedy has struck,
Fitzpatrick said, such as when U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords was shot in
Tucson, Ariz., last January. Jared Lee Loughner has been charged in the
case.
“The booking photo of Loughner in Arizona brought the cause of battling
stigma in this country back about four steps, and it was run over and over
and over,” Fitzpatrick said.
It’s often no better in fictional accounts of mental illness. Gunter
said that people with a disorder rarely are given sensitive treatment in
movies and on television, instead often portrayed as deranged
lunatics.
“If you see mental illness in the media, a lot of times those illnesses
are shown in people who are a real danger to society,” she said.
To help end the stigma attached to mental illness, NAMI has created a
program called Stigma Busters, which encourages people to report
portrayals of mental illness that reinforce stereotypes and promote
prejudice.
“We push back when we see stigmatizing language, and the media has
gotten more responsive,” Fitzpatrick said.
Another NAMI program, Breaking the Silence, goes into classrooms to
teach school kids about mental illness, Gunter said.
“You would be so surprised about the lack of information these kids
have regarding mental illness,” she said. “We are teaching them to change
this idea of mental illness.”
More information
The Stigma Busters website of the National Alliance on Mental Illness
has more on fighting the stigma.
A companion article details one man’s struggle with paranoid schizophrenia.
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