Ethiopia’s Magnetic Stripes Hold Clues to Ocean Formation




The Afar depression in Ethiopia, where three of Earth's tectonic plates arepulling apart and will eventually create a new ocean basin.

The Afar Depression in Ethiopia is a point where three of Earth’s tectonic plates meet and are pulling away from each other, creating enormous stress on the rock, producing cracks, faults and volcanoes. The pulling apart here will eventually result in the formation of a new ocean basin.
CREDIT: NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team


Several winters ago, a team of geophysicists from Missouri flew to the eastern edge of Africa, strapped on bulky backpacks and began walking. They were looking for a set of huge stripes in the Tendaho Graben, a place within the Afar Depression of Ethiopia, where Africa’s continental crust is stretching thin and a new ocean will eventually form.

But the stripes they sought — and eventually found — aren’t visible to the naked eye. They’re magnetic stripes, similar to the ones lining the ocean floor at mid-ocean ridges. David Bridges, a geophysicist from the Missouri University of Science and Technology, and his colleagues sniffed them out using a bit of geological detective work, lots of walking and the hulking magnetometers strapped to their backpacks.

The Tendaho Graben’s magnetic stripes are important because they’re the first ones scientists have documented on land, Bridges said. Even more importantly, because these stripes have formed before the area becomes a water-covered basin, they may change the way researchers interpret the planet’s oceans.

“The really interesting thing is that some of the oceanic basins may perhaps be a little bit younger than we currently believe,” Bridges told OurAmazingPlanet.

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