The constitution was finally approved at 6.30 on Friday morning after the
assembly’s 85 members spent all night voting through its 234 clauses one by
one.
The assembly was dominated by Islamists: all the Christians and most liberal
and secular representatives boycotted it. There were just four women, all
from Islamist parties.
The resulting document guarantees a parliamentary democracy, supposedly with
basic freedoms for all citizens. But guaranteed freedom of speech was
curtailed by a clause banning “insults against a person”, freedom
of religious practice limited to Islam, Christianity and Judaism, and while
equality of all citizens was stressed, so was the “genuine character of
the Egyptian
family” and its “moral values”.
Amnesty International said the document and the manner in which it had been
approved would come as a “great disappointment” to many Egyptians
and fell “well short of protecting human rights”.
Human Rights Watch said it protected some rights but undermined others.
“The decision of constituent assembly leaders to move a flawed and
contradictory draft to a vote is not the right way to guarantee fundamental
rights,” Joe Stork, deputy Middle East and North Africa director, said.
The Muslim Brotherhood believes only a minority of Egyptians are concerned
enough to vote against the referendum, and are planning their own rally on
Saturday. Although the Tahrir Square protesters have attempted to renew the
spirit of last year’s revolt against ex-President Hosni Mubarak, they have
yet to sustain the same passion – in part because the new authorities have
not tried to stop them.
Instead, the official website of the Muslim Brotherhood reiterated “our
complete support of peaceful protesting and right to free speech”.
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