Eating More Foods Rich in Omega-3s May Lower Alzheimer’s Risk: Study

WEDNESDAY, May 2 (HealthDay News) — Consuming foods rich in
omega-3 fatty acids may guard against Alzheimer’s disease, new research
suggests.

The finding stems from work conducted among roughly 1,200 dementia-free
patients over the age of 65. All underwent blood tests to assess levels of
a key Alzheimer‘s-associated protein after providing the study authors
with a dietary breakdown dating back more than a year.

“Past research has shown that, in this population, higher levels of the
beta amyloid protein appear related to a higher risk for developing
Alzheimer’s disease,” said study author Yian Gu, an associate research
scientist with the Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and
the Aging Brain at Columbia University in New York City. “So we wanted to
try and figure out if what we eat can affect these levels.”

“We considered only the omega-3 nutrient content in [study
participants’] diets,” Gu added, “because our previous studies showed that
the Mediterranean diet — which is characterized by fish, nuts, vegetables
and a lower intake of read meat — was associated with a lower risk for
Alzheimer’s. And this time, when we measured beta amyloid levels in their
blood — which is representative of what we would find in the brain — we
found that the more omega-3 content in the diet, the lower the beta
amyloid levels.”

Gu and her colleagues discuss the possibility that seniors could
perhaps eat their way to a lower risk for Alzheimer’s in the May 2 online
issue of the journal Neurology.

The authors noted that prior research, including their own, has found a
possible association between the consumption of certain foods and a lower
risk for dementia. Exactly why that would be the case, however, has
remained unclear.

To shed some light on the mystery, the team focused on seniors residing
in the northern part of Manhattan in New York City. All had undergone
neurological and cognitive testing, and only those who were dementia-free
were included in the current analysis.

Subjects completed food questionnaires dating back an average of 1.2
years, with a focus on the consumption of 10 specific nutrients that had
been cited by past research as perhaps having an impact on brain
health.

The nutrients included saturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6
polyunsaturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E,
vitamin C, beta carotene, vitamin B12, folate and vitamin D.

Nutrient intake in the form of food, not supplements, was included in
the dietary analysis, the team noted.

The result: Blood testing revealed that, regardless of age, gender,
ethnicity and educational background, the more omega-3 fatty acids
consumed, the lower the beta amyloid levels found in the blood.

The team observed that omega-3 fatty acids were consumed primarily in
the form of fish, poultry, margarine, nuts and salad dressing.

Catherine Roe, an instructor in neurology at the Washington University
School of Medicine in St. Louis, hailed the effort as a “great line of
inquiry.”

“Of course, much more research needs to be done,” she cautioned. “It’s
an association; it’s not causal. And this is based on the ‘amyloid
hypothesis’ — that amyloid levels are in fact associated with Alzheimer’s
risk — which is a hypothesis, not a solid fact.”

“But at this point … it does look like people who have abnormal
levels of beta amyloid in the cerebral spinal fluid are more likely to
develop Alzheimer’s disease,” Roe said. “We’re learning more and more that
Alzheimer’s disease is not simply a consequence of genes, but that there
are probably environmental factors that are important too. So this raises
the exciting possibility that you could influence your likelihood of
developing Alzheimer’s disease by diet.”

More information

For more on risk factors for Alzheimer’s and dementia, visit the Alzheimer’s Association.

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