Diabetes Rising Rapidly Among U.S. Kids

SATURDAY, June 9 (HealthDay News) — Diabetes is increasing among
U.S. children at an alarming rate, say researchers who report jumps of
more than 20 percent since 2001 for type 2 disease, which is linked to
excessive weight and sedentary lifestyles, and type 1 diabetes, which is
an autoimmune disease.

“Both types of diabetes are increasing,” said study co-author Dr. Dana
Dabelea, associate dean for faculty affairs at the University of Colorado
School of Public Health in Aurora. “For type 2, we have some clues as to
why it’s increasing, but for type 1, we still need to better understand
the triggers of this disease.”

Many of the type 2 diagnoses are explained by the rise in overweight
and obese children. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 17 percent of U.S. children and teens are obese — three times
the number of a generation ago.

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly turns
on healthy cells responsible for producing insulin, a hormone needed to
metabolize the carbohydrates in food. It’s been suggested that exposure to
certain viruses may trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes. It is not linked
to lifestyle factors, such as being overweight.

The exact cause of type 2 diabetes is less clear. People with type 2
either don’t produce enough insulin, or their bodies don’t use insulin
efficiently. The disease is linked to sedentary lifestyles and to being
overweight. However, other factors may be responsible, too. The disease
can often be controlled in its early stages with lifestyle changes that
include losing weight and becoming more active.

The first study found that about 189,000 people under the age of 20
had diabetes in the United States. Of those, 168,000 had type 1, and more
than 19,000 had type 2.

From 2001 to 2009, the number of American children with type 2 diabetes
increased 21 percent, and cases of type 1 ballooned 23 percent, the
researchers found.

The study also found that children with type 2 were more likely to have
protein in their urine than children with type 1 diabetes, suggesting that
they might be at greater risk for early kidney damage. Youngsters with
both types of diabetes also showed early indications of damage to the
nerve system that regulates the heart and its blood vessels, according to
the study.

The researchers also found that children with diabetes who watched more
than three hours of television daily had poorer blood sugar control and
higher levels of triglycerides, a blood fat, than children who watched
less TV.

Dabelea and her colleagues were scheduled to present their findings on
Saturday at the American Diabetes Association annual meeting in
Philadelphia. The study was funded by the CDC and the U.S. National
Institutes of Health.

In another presentation planned for the meeting, researchers who are
also from the University of Colorado studied children with type 2 diabetes
and found the disease may progress more rapidly in young people than in
older folks. With an average follow-up of just four years, this study
found that about one-third of children with type 2 diabetes had high blood
pressure, compared to 12 percent at the start of the study. Almost 17
percent showed early signs of kidney damage, and 13 percent had early
signs of eye disease.

“Type 2 is not a benign condition in children,” said Dabelea.

Dr. Joel Zonszein, director of the clinical diabetes center at
Montefiore Medical Center in New York City, said he wasn’t surprised by
either study’s findings on type 2 diabetes.

“We’re seeing more children with type 2, and at younger ages. They
often have more aggressive disease at the time of diagnosis and other
conditions, such as [abnormal cholesterol levels],” he said. “I’m
concerned because these are young people being diagnosed with an adult
disease, and they will probably progress to cardiovascular disease much
faster.”

Zonszein was surprised at the dramatic rise in the rates of type 1
diabetes. “I don’t know what would cause more autoimmune disease in type
1,” he said.

While there are no known ways to prevent type 1 diabetes, both experts
said that a healthy lifestyle can go a long way to preventing type 2 in
children. Zonszein’s first recommendation is to get TVs out of children’s
bedrooms.

Both Zonszein and Dabelea recommended a healthy diet with lots of
fruits and vegetables, and an active lifestyle, not just for the children,
but for the whole family.

Data and conclusions presented at meetings should be considered
preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.

More information

The American Diabetes Association has more information on type
1 diabetes
, and type
2 diabetes
.

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