TUESDAY, June 19 (HealthDay News) — The virus that causes the
common cold may be more prevalent among college students than previously
thought because many young adults with the virus do not have any symptoms,
a new study has found.
Students with the cold virus who have no symptoms outnumber those with
symptoms by four to one, Canadian researchers say. The study authors
warned that infected students who do not have symptoms could spread the
virus, known as the rhinovirus, which can also cause bronchitis and
trigger asthma attacks, to other people.
“A high occurrence of [symptomless] infections indicates that
university students can spread infections to classmates, or individuals in
the community, without knowing they are infected,” one of the researchers,
Andrea Granados of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, said in a
news release from the American Society for Microbiology.
“The virus particles can be spread by aerosols [for example, sneezing]
or direct contact with [a symptom-free] individual. There is no treatment
for the common cold; therefore, frequent hand-washing is important to
prevent the spread of the common cold, particularly in early fall,”
Granados added.
In conducting the study, researchers from McMaster University and St.
Joseph’s Healthcare in Hamilton, Ontario followed 545 college students in
September and October of 2010 and 2011. The prevalence of colds typically
peaks in these months, the study authors noted.
The students were asked to perform a nasal swab once a week regardless
of whether or not they had any cold-like symptoms. If the students
experienced symptoms, they were asked to perform a nasal swab every day
for one week.
Over the two years, the students reported 167 cold-like illnesses. Of
these illnesses, the researchers diagnosed rhinovirus in 54 percent.
In order to figure out how many students had the virus but didn’t know
it, the investigators selected a 10 percent sampling of all the nasal
swabs they collected from students who had no flu-like symptoms. After
randomly selecting 25 swabs each week over the course of the study, the
researchers had a total of 400 swabs. Of those, 33, or 8.25 percent, had
the rhinovirus.
Based on their findings, the study authors projected that up to 61
percent of students with no symptoms of the common cold are infected with
rhinovirus over the course of an eight-week period.
The investigators also found that the students with symptoms had a much
higher viral load than those who didn’t have symptoms. The researchers
noted that larger studies are needed to confirm if having decreased
amounts of the virus explains why some students do not have any symptoms
of their infection.
The research was scheduled to be presented Tuesday at the annual
meeting of the American Society for Microbiology in San Francisco.
The data and conclusions of research presented at medical meetings
should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed
journal.
More information
The U.S. National Institutes of Health has more about the common cold.
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