Chronic Heartburn May Boost Risk for Esophageal Cancer

FRIDAY, May 18 (HealthDay News) — Inflammation caused by chronic
heartburn may increase the risk of esophageal cancer, a new study
finds.

The condition — formally known as gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD) — occurs when a muscle at the end of the esophagus doesn’t close
properly, allowing stomach contents to leak back into the esophagus and
irritate it.

GERD can lead to changes in the tissue lining the esophagus, a
condition called Barrett’s esophagus, often a precursor to esophageal
cancer.

In the study, researchers looked at nearly 34,000 GERD patients in
Denmark and found that 77 percent had inflammation of the lining of the
esophagus, a condition called erosive reflux disease. During an average
follow-up time of 7.4 years, 0.11 percent of patients developed esophageal
cancer.

The incidence of esophageal cancer among GERD patients with erosive
disease was much higher than that of the general population, the team
noted.

In contrast, esophageal cancer was diagnosed in only 0.01 percent of
GERD patients without erosive disease after 4.5 years of follow-up.

The study appears in the May issue of the journal Clinical
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
.

“Our research shows that damage to the esophageal lining … is
important in the progression from normal cells to cancer, and Barrett’s
esophagus is likely to be an intermediate step,” lead author Dr. Rune
Erichsen, of Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark, said in a journal news
release.

The incidence of esophageal cancer in the United States and Europe has
increased dramatically in the past three decades. About 10,000 new cases
of esophageal cancer are diagnosed each year in the United States.

Although the study identified an association between inflammation
caused by GERD and increased incidence of esophageal cancer, it could not
prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases has more about GERD.

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