Cancer Drug May Flush Out ‘Hidden’ HIV: Study

WEDNESDAY, July 25 (HealthDay News) — Medications can eliminate
any sign of HIV from the bloodstream, but the virus that causes AIDS never
vanishes for good. Instead, it hides in the body, waiting to strike
again.

Now, researchers report that they may have discovered a way to use a
cancer drug to make the infected cells more visible, potentially allowing
them to be killed.

It’s too early to know if the approach will actually help patients get
rid of the virus forever. The optimistic hopes of scientists, who are
forever seeking an AIDS cure, could be snarled by side effects or some
other medical hitch.

But the findings are a promising start, said study author Dr. David
Margolis, a professor of medicine at University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill.

“We just wanted to show that we could get the virus to come out and
show itself,” he said. “This doesn’t tell you that we have a cure for AIDS
that everyone can take tomorrow. It begins us on a road to accomplish that
goal.”

At issue is HIV’s ability to hide in the body. Scientists suspect that
the virus “hijacks” certain kinds of immune cells — the ones that
remember how to deal with certain kinds of germs — and lurk inside them.
Thanks to this hijacking ability, medications and the immune system itself
can’t find and kill the virus or prevent it from multiplying.

The virus can move out of the immune cells if AIDS medications fail or
if patients stop taking them. That means HIV can’t currently be cured.

In the new study, researchers gave single doses of a skin cancer
chemotherapy drug called vorinostat (Zolinza) to eight HIV-infected
patients. The drug seemed to flush out the hidden virus so it was more
easily visible.

None of the patients reported side effects, but they only took one
dose.

Manufacturer information for cancer patients who take the drug lists
serious side effects including dehydration, clots (rare), low red blood
cell levels and high blood sugar.

As far as AIDS treatment, the next steps will be to figure out the best
dose of the cancer drug and discover if medications or the immune system
will kill the virus once it’s loose.

“We don’t know how to use this drug yet, and we don’t know if we have
to use it all the time every day for weeks or months and months,” study
author Margolis said. “We may just need to use it a few days here, then
rest, on and off, until we get to the goal we need to get to.”

One big question is whether it’s possible to fully eliminate the
“reservoir” of hidden virus in the body, said AIDS researcher Joseph
Kulkosky, an associate professor of biology at Chestnut Hill College, in
Philadelphia. Still, he said, it may be possible to at least get at some
of it.

Another AIDS researcher, Alberto Bosque, a research assistant professor
at the University of Utah School of Medicine, praised the study but
cautioned that “we are at the beginning of the race towards HIV
eradication, where the unknowns and uncertainties exceed our knowledge.”

The study appears in the July 26 issue of the journal
Nature.

More information

For more about AIDS, try the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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