Brain Scans Using New Dye May Predict Alzheimer’s

WEDNESDAY, July 11 (HealthDay News) — Brain scans using a new
radioactive dye can detect early evidence of Alzheimer’s disease in people
who show little or no signs of the disease and may help predict future
mental decline, a new study says.

It included 151 people who completed thinking and memory tests and
underwent a PET (positron emission tomography) brain scan with the new dye
called florbetapir (Amyvid). They were then followed for three years.

The dye binds to amyloid plaques that occur in the brains of people
with Alzheimer’s disease, enabling doctors to see if patients have the
plaques and how much.

At the start of the study, 69 patients had normal mental function, 51
had mild impairment and 31 had Alzheimer’s disease.

After 18 months, thinking and memory test results of patients who
started off with mild impairment and whose brain scans revealed evidence
of amyloid plaques worsened to a greater degree than those who had mild
impairment but had no evidence of plaques at the start of the study.

The patients with amyloid plaques at the outset were also more likely
to go on to develop Alzheimer‘s. After three years, 29 percent of the
plaque-positive patients with mild impairment developed Alzheimer’s
compared with 10 percent of those with mild impairment who had no plaques
at the start of the study.

Among participants with normal mental function at the start of the
study, those with evidence of brain plaques showed more mental decline
after 18 months than those with no sign of plaques.

“Even at a short follow-up of 18 months we can see how the presence of
amyloid plaques affects cognitive [thinking] function,” study co-leader
Dr. P. Murali Doraiswamy, a professor of psychiatry at Duke University,
said in a university news release. “Most people who come to the doctor
with mild impairment really want to know the short-term prognosis and
potential long-term effect.”

There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, but being able to detect the early
stages of Alzheimer’s could help advance efforts to find ways to fight the
disease and enhance the care and treatment of current patients, he
explained.

“For the most part we have been blind about who would progress and who
wouldn’t, so this approach is a step toward having a biomarker that
predicts risk of decline in people who are experiencing cognitive
impairment,” Doraiswamy said.

The study, published online July 11 in the journal Neurology,
was funded by Eli Lilly/Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, which markets Amyvid.
Doraiswamy receives advisory and speaker fees from Lilly/Avid.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Amyvid was approved
in April for use in imaging tests for patients being evaluated for
Alzheimer’s.

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has
more about Alzheimer’s disease.

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