Body Language of Triumph Will Be on Display at Olympics

THURSDAY, July 26 (HealthDay News) — As Olympians take to the
world stage in London this week, watch the body language of the gold
medalists for clues to their feelings of triumph and pride.

Those athletes who throw their arms above their head, clench their
fists and grimace — a universal expression of triumph — are not to be
confused with those expressing pride by tilting their head back, holding
their arms out from their body and smiling, researchers say.

“We found that displays of triumph include different behaviors to those
of pride, and occur more immediately after a victory or win,” David
Matsumoto, a professor of psychology at San Francisco State University,
said in a university news release. “Triumph has its own signature
expression that is immediate, automatic and universal across
cultures.”

One of the differences between triumph and pride is seen in the face,
Matsumoto said.

“When someone feels triumphant after a contest or challenge, their face
can look quite aggressive,” he said. “It’s like Michael Phelps’s reaction
after winning the 2008 Olympics. It looks quite different to the small
smile we see when someone is showing pride.”

In conducting the study, the researchers showed people from the United
States and South Korea pictures of judo athletes from 17 countries who had
just won a medal match at the 2004 Olympics in Athens. Research has shown
that South Korean culture downplays individual achievement and displays of
emotion.

The participants consistently labeled the pictures of grimacing or
yelling athletes with their arms raised and fists clenched as triumph.
Meanwhile, the photos of athletes with their arms out at their sides,
hands open and head tilted back were labeled as pride. The athletes in the
“pride” photos, the researchers pointed out, were also smiling.

The study also showed that expressions of triumph occurred, on average,
four seconds after the athletes won a match. Displays of pride, however,
occurred an average of 16 seconds after the match ended.

Expressions of triumph are an immediate reflection of a person’s
success, the study’s authors explained. Expressions of pride, on the other
hand, come later since they reflect how the athletes feel about
themselves.

“Watch that immediate reaction in the first few seconds after an
athlete has won their medal match — no matter what the sport is — and
you’ll see this triumph response from athletes all around the world,
regardless of culture,” Matsumoto said.

Expressions of triumph, the authors concluded, may have played a role
in evolution by helping people in early societies demonstrate their status
or dominance.

The study will be published in the September issue of the journal
Evolution and Human Behavior.

More information

The University of California at Santa Cruz more information on nonverbal
communication
.

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