Blacks Less Likely to Get Help on Scene After Cardiac Arrest: Study

FRIDAY, May 11 (HealthDay News) — Black Americans who suffer
cardiac arrest in public places are less likely than whites to receive CPR
and treatment with automated external defibrillators, a new study has
found.

Cardiac arrest occurs when an abnormal heart rhythm causes the heart to
stop beating. CPR and automated external defibrillators (AEDs) — devices
that use electrical shocks to restore the heart to a normal rhythm — can
help a cardiac arrest victim survive until emergency medical crews arrive
on the scene.

The study also found that black cardiac arrest patients‘ hearts were
much less likely to have been restarted by the time they arrived at a
hospital, which is an important indicator for whether cardiac arrest
patients ultimately survive, said the University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine researchers.

The researchers analyzed nearly 5,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
cases that occurred in Philadelphia over four years, and found that 27
percent of black patients and 34 percent of white patients received an
on-scene shock from an AED used by a bystander or medical first-responder.
CPR was performed by bystanders on 5.6 percent of black patients and 7.5
percent of white patients.

The researchers also found that black patients were less likely than
white patients to have regained their heartbeat before they arrived at a
hospital (14.7 percent vs. 17.1 percent, respectively), and that black
patients were less likely to have received important pre-hospital care
measures that are a proven part of the cardiac arrest “chain of
survival.”

“Cardiac arrest is a time-sensitive illness that requires immediate
action to keep blood flowing to the brain — every minute without CPR and
the application of shocks from an automated external defibrillator robs
patients of a chance to fully recover,” senior author Dr. Roger Band,
assistant professor of emergency medicine, said in a university news
release.

“Our findings show troubling racial disparities in the use of these
lifesaving measures, and they point to the need to do more to ensure that
every patient has the best chance of surviving,” he added.

In another study using the same data source, Band and his colleagues
found that people who suffered cardiac arrest at night were less likely to
have regained their heartbeat by the time they arrived at a hospital than
those who suffered cardiac arrest during the day — 14.1 percent vs. 16.5
percent.

People who suffered cardiac arrest between 8 p.m. and 8 a.m. also were
much less likely to receive bystander CPR and took longer to be
transported to a hospital than those who had cardiac arrest during the
day.

That cardiac arrests at night are more likely to occur in the home
rather than in public places may partly explain these differences, Band
said.

The studies — to be presented Friday at the Society for Academic
Emergency Medicine annual meeting in Chicago — highlight the need to
increase public awareness of the importance of CPR and AED use, Band
said.

“It is imperative for the public to know that these two interventions
have the greatest impact on survival, and they can be performed by anyone.
If CPR and AEDs were employed for every cardiac arrest, hundreds of
thousands of lives would be saved annually in the United States alone,” he
said. “Our studies reiterate the fact that use of these basic lifesaving
tools is far too low across all patient populations, and even small
increases in their use would translate into very significant increases in
survival.”

More information

The American Heart Association has more about cardiac arrest.

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