‘Atkins’-Type Diets May Raise Risk of Heart Problems: Study

TUESDAY, June 26 (HealthDay News) — Women who regularly eat a
high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet may be raising their risk of heart
disease and stroke by as much as 28 percent, a new study suggests.

Although the absolute increase in risk is small — four or five extra
cases per 10,000 women — many young women try the Atkins diet or similar
regimens and could be setting themselves up for cardiovascular problems
later in life, the researchers noted.

“Low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets are frequently used for
body-weight control,” said lead researcher Dr. Pagona Lagiou, assistant
professor of epidemiology at the University of Athens Medical School in
Greece. “Although [the diets] may be nutritionally acceptable if the
protein is mainly of plant origin, such as nuts, and the reduction of
carbohydrates applies mainly to simple and refined [carbohydrates] like
unhealthy sweeteners, drinks and snacks, the general public does not
always recognize and act on this guidance.”

The study, published online June 26 in the BMJ, does not answer
questions about the possible short-term benefits of these diets in the
control of body weight or insulin resistance, Lagiou said.

For the study, Lagiou’s team collected data on the diets of more than
43,000 Swedish women who were between the ages of 30 and 49 at the start
of the study.

Over an average of 15 years of follow-up, there were more than 1,200
cardiovascular events, including heart disease and stroke. There were more
of these events among the women who followed a high-protein,
low-carbohydrate diet than among women who didn’t, the researchers
found.

Compared with women who veered furthest from the high-protein,
low-carbohydrate diet, women who followed the diet most closely increased
their risk by 28 percent, even after other risk factors, such as smoking,
drinking, hypertension, exercise and fat intake, were taken into account,
the researchers noted.

“Reduction of body weight should rely on increasing physical activity
and reducing caloric intake,” Lagiou said.

The long-term health effects of special diets that are followed for
long periods of time have not been adequately studied to allow
determination of their safety, she added.

Dr. Gregg Fonarow, chairman of cardiovascular medicine and science at
the University of California, Los Angeles, said low-carb diets such as the
Atkins regimen have been touted widely and have become increasingly
popular.

“This study raises concerns about the long-term effects on
cardiovascular health of low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets —
particularly if there is not careful consideration given to whether plant
versus animal proteins are consumed,” said Fonarow, who is also director
of the Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center.

Another expert, Samantha Heller, an exercise physiologist and clinical
nutrition coordinator at the Center for Cancer Care at Griffin Hospital in
Derby, Conn., said “the results of this study are not surprising.”

Popular high-protein diets inevitably include an abundance of cheese
and red and processed meats, and a dearth of healthy carbohydrates such as
whole grains, vegetables, legumes and fruits, she said.

“What this study did not address is that research is finding that diets
high in red meat and/or processed meats may increase the risk of type 2
diabetes; colorectal cancer; coronary heart disease; breast cancer;
esophageal, liver and lung cancers; and chronic obstructive lung disease,”
Heller said. “[They also] increase levels of bad cholesterol.”

More research is needed to pinpoint how and for whom these risks are
elevated, she added.

“In the meantime, cut back on your intake of meat and other
animal-protein sources. Start experimenting with beans, edamame, tofu,
nuts and nut butters (such as peanut, almond and cashew butter), low- or
nonfat yogurt, cottage cheese and milk,” Heller advised. “Pick up the carb
intake with 100 percent whole-grain breads, brown rice, quinoa and hefty
doses of vegetables, legumes and fruits.”

Although the study found an association between high-protein,
low-carbohydrate diets and increased risk of cardiovascular problems, it
did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

More information

For more on healthful eating, visit the U.S. Department of
Agriculture
.

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