WEDNESDAY, June 20 (HealthDay News) — As the first major heat
wave of the summer engulfs the continental United States, health experts
are urging people to take special precautions when dealing with scorching
temperatures and oppressive humidity.
One of the most important things to do is to drink plenty of water
throughout the day to avoid dehydration, said Dr. Robert Glatter, an
emergency physician at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.
Sports drinks that contain electrolytes such as sodium and potassium
with small amounts of glucose may help to combat dehydration, Glatter
noted, but caffeinated beverages and products with high amounts of sugar
can worsen dehydration.
Because children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable to
dehydration, they should be checked on often and encouraged to drink lots
of fluids, he added.
Many seniors take medications, including diuretics and some blood
pressure drugs, that hamper the body’s ability to cool itself through
sweating, and people who are overweight may also be prone to heat sickness
because of their tendency to retain more body heat, according to the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Along with consuming lots of fluids, try not to stay outside any longer
than necessary, Glatter added.
“Stay indoors if possible, preferably in an air-conditioned space,” he
said. “If only a fan is available, misting with cool water may help to
cool you by evaporation.”
If you do have to spend time outdoors, wear loose, light-colored
clothing and a wide-brimmed hat, to shield yourself from the sun’s rays,
Glatter noted.
The CDC recommends a “buddy system” when working in the heat, to
monitor the health of your co-workers and have them do the same for you.
Heat-induced illness can cause a person to become confused or lose
consciousness, and you should call 911 immediately if you see this
happening.
Even short periods of searing temperatures can cause serious health
problems, so the CDC recommends that you listen to local media reports or
contact local health departments for safety updates. Overexerting yourself
on a hot day, spending too much time in the sun or staying too long in an
overheated place can all cause heat-related illnesses.
According to the CDC, there are several types of heat illnesses that
you need to watch out for, both in yourself and among others:
- Heat stroke happens when the body can’t regulate its own
temperature. Your ability to sweat stops, and your body is unable to cool
down. Your body temperature may rise to 106 degrees Fahrenheit or higher
in the space of 10 to 15 minutes. Heat stroke can cause death or permanent
disability if emergency treatment is not given. Some of the symptoms
include red, hot, dry skin, a rapid and strong pulse, a throbbing
headache, dizziness, nausea and confusion. Once these symptoms occur, the
victim has to be cooled rapidly using whatever methods you have, which
include putting the person in a cool tub of water or a cool shower,
spraying the person with a hose or wrapping the victim in a cool sheet. Do
not give the victim fluids to drink, and get medical help as soon as
possible. - Heat exhaustion is a milder form of heat illness that can
develop after several days of exposure to high temperatures and lack of
fluids. Those most prone to heat exhaustion are elderly people, those with
high blood pressure and people working or exercising in a hot environment.
Symptoms include heavy sweating, paleness, muscle cramps, fatigue,
dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting or fainting. The skin may be cool
and moist, and the pulse rate fast and weak while breathing may be fast
and shallow. Help the victim to cool off, and seek medical attention if
symptoms worsen or last longer than an hour. - Heat cramps typically happen after you sweat a lot during
strenuous activity. The low salt level in the muscles may be the cause of
heat cramps. Heat cramps may also be a symptom of heat exhaustion.
Symptoms include muscle pains or spasms, usually in the stomach, arms or
legs. You should stop all activity immediately and sit down in a cool
place. Drink clear liquids or sports drinks, and do not return to
strenuous activity for a few hours. Seek medical attention if the cramps
do not stop within an hour.
More information
For more on heat waves, go to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention.
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